tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-91845940667607795632024-02-07T22:33:27.157-08:00WTF Holds 2015 Workshop for ‘New WTF, Best IF’Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9184594066760779563.post-20433772638925305542015-07-29T18:14:00.000-07:002015-07-29T18:14:25.303-07:00RHODIMOS TAEKWONDO TEXT BOOK<!--[if !mso]>
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Learning Limited, Uyo, AKS. All right reserved. No part of this book may be
reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission
from the publisher.</span></div>
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</span>...<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>April, 2014</span></div>
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Limited</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 28.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Contents</span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Preface</span></i></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Tae Kwon Do</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">What is Taekwondo?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo History</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo Description</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Origins and Evolution</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo Ethics</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo Organizations</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo Patterns</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo Vital Points</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Competition and Ranks</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Five Tenets</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Taeguk</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Theory of Power</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Founder of Taekwondo</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Life of Choi Hong</span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Preface</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Welcome to Taekwondo, a Korean Martial Art. This is a guide to taekwondo
practitioners, health and fitness, mind and body, art and nature, training and
technique, secrets and methods, taekwondo information including systems,
styles, philosophy, organizations, training, descriptions, historical
information, resources, origins, self-defense, sports, and technical aspects. This
book is a comprehensive resource for taekwondo practitioners for the trained
professional and novice.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo is the systemized practices and traditions of training people
to engage in combat. Taekwondo has been present in almost every nation and
culture since before recorded history. Virtually, taekwondo shares a common
original intent; developing the ability to defeat one’s enemies in a conflict,
either armed or unarmed. Taekwondo is still practiced today.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Some taekwondo practitioners retain their focus on the ancient
techniques of war, others have incorporated modern modifications for the
practice of self defense for civilians, and still others have evolved into
international competitive sports and Olympic events. Taekwondo, historically
and today, place a wide variety of emphases on morality, spirituality,
philosophy, or religion. Very often also, some kind of enlightenment, or at the
very least personal self-improvement, is a core goal in the practice of
taekwondo.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 28.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Chapter</span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Arial Black","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"> </span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 48.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">1</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 72.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;"></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">The Tae Kwon Do</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Tae-Kwon-Do.jpg" height="194" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg" width="194" /></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">/</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ˌ</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">t</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">a</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ɪ</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ˌ</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">k</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">w</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ɒ</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">n</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ˈ</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">d</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">o</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ʊ</span></a><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">/</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (Korean </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">태권도</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja"><span style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">跆拳道</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Korean" title="Help:IPA for Korean"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[t</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ʰɛ</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">k</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">͈</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">w</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ʌ</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ndo]</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) is a </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">martial art</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> originating in </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea" title="Korea"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korea</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. It combines </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat" title="Combat"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">combat</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-defense" title="Self-defense"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">self-defence</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> techniques with </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_sport" title="Combat sport"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sport</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise" title="Exercise"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">exercise</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. In 1989, taekwondo
was the world's most popular martial art. <i>Gyeorugi</i> (pronounced </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Korean" title="Help:IPA for Korean"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[kj</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ʌɾ</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">u</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ɡ</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">i]</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">), a type of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparring" title="Sparring"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sparring</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, has been an </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Taekwondo at the Summer Olympics"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Olympic event</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> since 2000.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwon-Do was developed by major general Choi Hong Hi in Korea during
the 1940s as partial combination of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekkyeon" title="Taekkyeon"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Taekkyeon</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and Japanese </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" title="Karate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Karate</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. There are two main branches of
taekwondo development, although they are not mutually exclusive. <i>Traditional
taekwondo</i> typically refers to the martial art as it was established in the
1950s and 1960s in the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Armed_Forces" title="Republic of Korea Armed Forces"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">South Korean military</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, and in various civilian organizations,
including schools and universities. In particular, the names and symbolism of
the traditional patterns often refer to elements of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Korea" title="History of Korea"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean history</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, culture and
religious philosophy. Traditional Taekwon-Do may refer to </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Taekwon-Do_Federation" title="International Taekwon-Do Federation"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ITF Taekwon-Do</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. <i>Sport taekwondo</i> has developed
in the decades since the 1950s and may have a somewhat different focus,
especially in terms of its emphasis on speed and competition (as in Olympic
sparring). Sport taekwondo is in turn subdivided into two main styles. One
style is practiced by </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Taekwon-Do_Federation" title="International Taekwon-Do Federation"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">International Taekwon-Do</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> adherents and was
created in 1955 by General Choi Hong Hi. The other style derives from </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kukkiwon" title="Kukkiwon"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Kukkiwon</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, the source of the
sparring system <i>sihap gyeorugi</i>. This style is now an event at the summer
</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Olympic Games</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and is governed by the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Taekwondo_Federation" title="World Taekwondo Federation"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">World
Taekwondo Federation</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (WTF). The Kukkiwon - or World
Taekwondo Headquarters - is the traditional center for WTF taekwondo and was
founded in 1973 by Dr. Kim Un Yong.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Although there are </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">doctrinal</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and technical
differences between sparring in the two main styles and among the various
organizations, the art in general emphasizes kicks and punches thrown from a
mobile stance. Taekwondo training generally includes a system of blocks, kicks,
punches, and open-handed strikes and may also include various take-downs or
sweeps, throws, and joint locks. Pressure points, known as <i>jiapsul</i>, are
used as well as grabbing self-defence techniques borrowed from other martial
arts, such as Japanese </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Judo</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, or Korean </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapkido" title="Hapkido"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hapkido</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, or Korean wrestling
or </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ssireum</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, <i>tae</i> (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">태</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B7%86" title="wikt:跆"><span style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">跆</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) means "to strike or break with foot"; <i>kwon</i> (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">권</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8B%B3" title="wikt:拳"><span style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">拳</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) means "to strike or break with fist"; and <i>do</i> (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">도</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="wikt:道"><span style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">道</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) means "way", "method", or "path". Thus, <i>taekwondo</i>
may be loosely translated as "the way of the foot and the hand." The
name <i>taekwondo</i> is also written as <i>taekwon-do</i>, <i>tae kwon-do</i>
or <i>tae kwon do</i> by various organizations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">The
Taeguk</span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Tae Kwon Do and The Taeguk" border="0" height="186" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg" width="148" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 50.0%;" width="50%"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taeguk (in World Taekwondo Federation, or WTF, Taekwondo) refers to the
“forms” used to create a foundation for the teaching of Taekwondo. A form is a
detailed pattern of defense-and-attack used in traditional martial arts. The
word Taeguk (the Korean pronunciation of Taiji/T’ai Chi) refers to the
important principle in East Asian Taoist thought of the union of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/yin-and-yang/" target="_blank"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">yin</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">and</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: blue; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">yang</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">All students studying in WTF Kukkiwon style must learn these forms, or
Taeguks, to advance to a higher belt level. There are eight Taeguks, each one
similar to the previous one, but each time with more complicated techniques to
display the students’ mastery of the techniques learned during lessons as well
as the ability to interconnect these techniques.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Each Taeguk symbolizes a specific state thought to be indicative of the
belt the student currently holds before gaining a new belt, and is represented
in WTF Taekwondo by trigrams similar to those found in the four corners of the
South Korean flag.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In order to receive a Black Belt, the student must perform all Taeguks
consecutively. Each Dan (degree of Black Belt) also has its own associated
form, required for belt testing.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The first degree form for the WTF is called Koryo. The Palgwe forms are
a slightly older, somewhat similar supplemental group of WTF pumse. There are
eight Palgwe forms that also represent eight trigrams from I-Ching.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/The-Taeguk.png"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/The-Taeguk.png" border="0" height="166" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif" width="250" /></span></b></a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Korean Flag (Taegukki): </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The meaning of Korean
National Flag is very philosophical. The origin comes from the Oriental
philosophy called Eum-Yang, in Chinese pronunciation Yin-Yang. In Korea, the
symbol of ‘Yin and Yang’, and sometimes the flag itself, is called <i>Taeguk</i>
and summarizes the thoughts of ‘I Ching’ (called ‘Yeok’ in Korean). The name
means as much as the flag of ‘Great Extremes’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The flag consists of three parts: The white background, the red and blue
circle in the center and four trigrams, one in each corner of the flag. The
white background of the flag means peace.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The red and blue circle in the center is called ‘Taeguk’, the origin of
all things in the universe. The central thought is perfect harmony and balance:
A continuous movement within the sphere of infinity, resulting in one unit. The
blue part of ‘Taeguk’ is called ‘Eum’ and represents all negative aspects of
the balance that is typical for the symbol. The red part is called ‘Yang’ and
describes all positive aspects.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The four trigrams at the corners (called ‘Kwe’ in Korean) also represent
the concept of opposites and balance. The trigrams are heaven (upper-left) and
at the other corner earth, water (upper-right) and at the other corner fire.
Looking at symbols of the trigrams, you can see that they are opposites as
well. Three unbroken bars (heaven) vs. three broken bars (earth), etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">For the Korean people their flag of T’aeGuk-Ki is a source of pride and
inspiration. During the Japanese occupation period beginning in 1910 the Korean
flag was outlawed in public places and for about thirty five years the T’aeGuk
flags were kept hidden until Liberation Day in1945. The Korean flag has been a
symbol of this country’s struggle for independence and freedom.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Origin:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<img align="left" alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/taegeok.jpg" height="124" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.jpg" width="247" /><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The oldest ‘Yin/Yang’-symbol, which was
described in stone, was found in Korea. At the end of the 19th century, Korea
needed their own flag. It is believed that Young-Hyo Park came up with the
first concept. At that time, Korea was under the influence of all sorts of colonists
like the Japanese, Chinese and Russian.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The symbols:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<img align="left" alt="[yin-yang]" height="131" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.jpg" width="129" /><b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 63.8pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Yin means dark and cold, while Yang means bright and hot. A very old <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>book <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>called Choo-Yuk which is written by a
Chinese claims all objects and events in the world are expressed by the movement
of Yin and Yang. For example, the moon is Yin while the sun is Yang. The earth
is Yin and the sky is Yang. The night is Yin and the day is Yang. The winter is
Yin and the summer is Yang. Yin and Yang are relative. Therefore, A can be Yin
with respect to B while A can be Yang with respect to C. For example, the
spring is Yin w.r.t. the summer and it is at the same time Yang w.r.t. the
winter.</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="10" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 7.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 73%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 61.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="height: 61.7pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 30.02%;" width="30%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<img align="left" alt="[heaven]" height="66" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.jpg" width="100" /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 61.7pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 24.46%;" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kun</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 61.7pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Heaven</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 61.55pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="height: 61.55pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 30.02%;" width="30%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<img align="left" alt="[fire]" height="66" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.jpg" width="100" /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 61.55pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 24.46%;" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Yi</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 61.55pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fire</span></div>
</td>
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<tr style="height: 61.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="height: 61.85pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 30.02%;" width="30%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<img align="left" alt="[water]" height="66" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.jpg" width="100" /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 61.85pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 24.46%;" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kam</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="height: 61.85pt; padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Water</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 30.02%;" width="30%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<img align="left" alt="[earth]" height="66" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.jpg" width="100" /><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 24.46%;" width="24%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kon</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Earth</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The International Taekwondo Federation (ITF) has its own sequence of
pumse. They are named after figures from Korean history and are less formulaic
than the WTF’s Taeguk and Palgwe pumse. The first nine, which are required for
1st degree black belt, are named after significant Korean historical figures or
concepts: Chonji, Dangun, Dosan, Wonhyo, Yulgok, Junggon, Toegye, Hwarang, and
Chungmu. Various schools sometimes insert one of a variety of other forms
before Taeguk Il-jang”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taeguks by Belt Level: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Many schools require that
form practice begins with a bow to the flag and/or instructor, however the
motions of the forms themselves do not require the bow, nor is it necessary in
personal practice.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 20.0pt;"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/what-is-taekwondo/" title="Permanent Link to What is Taekwondo"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">What is Taekwondo</span></b></a></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Taekwondo
Definition</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="154" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.jpg" width="207" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><img border="0" height="153" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image022.jpg" width="205" /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><img border="0" height="154" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image024.jpg" width="178" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 50.0%;" width="50%"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 50.0%;" width="50%"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To put it simply Taekwon-Do is a version of unarmed combat designed for
the purpose of self-defense. It is more than just that, however. It is the
scientific use of the body in the method of self-defense; a body that has
gained the ultimate use of its facilities through intensive physical and mental
training.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It is a martial art that has no equal in either power or technique.
Though it is a martial art, its discipline, technique and mental training are
the mortar for building a strong sense of justice, fortitude, humility and
resolve. It is this mental conditioning that separates the true practitioner
from the sensationalist, content with mastering only the fighting aspects of
the art.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This is one of the reasons that Taekwon-Do is called an art of self-defense.
It also implies a way of thinking and life, particularly in instilling a
concept and spirit of strict self-imposed discipline and an ideal of noble
moral rearmament. The nearest description of it is almost a cult.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Translated literally “Tae” stands for jumping or flying, to kick or
smash with the foot. “Kwon” denotes the fist-chiefly to punch or destroy with
the hand or fist. “Do” means an art or way – the right way built and paved by
the saints and sages in the past.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><img border="0" height="228" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image026.jpg" width="225" /><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Girl-Kick.jpg"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Girl-Kick-300x254.jpg" border="0" height="218" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image028.jpg" width="258" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Thus taken collectively “Taekwon-Do” indicates the mental training and
the techniques of unarmed combat for self-defense as well as health, involving
the skilled application of punches, kicks, blocks and dodges with bare hands
and feet to the rapid destruction of the moving opponent or opponents.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwon-Do definitely enables the weak to possess a fine weapon together
with confidence to defend him or herself and defeat the opponent as well. Of
course, wrongly applied, Taekwon-Do can be a lethal weapon. Therefore mental
training must always be stressed to prevent the student from misusing it.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As for women folk, they will undoubtedly find Taekwon-Do an invaluable
asset in tackling and driving away “wolves”, so to speak. When one is informed
of the many instances where frail women effectively protected themselves, they
may sound unbelievable. But really, they have been able to do so because they
are well versed in the art of self-defense.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The feats of Taekwon-Do are great in number. To mention a few is
probably pertinent: for instance, flying over a mounted motorcycle or eleven
persons in line to attack a target with the foot; breaking an inch thick pine
board placed at a height of ten or eleven feet with the foot; breaking two
pieces of red brick with an open hand or knife-hand; smashing seven or eight
pieces of two inch thick pine board at a single blow with the fist; attacking
two targets with the same foot in succession while flying and so on. To the
layman in the street, such feats may sound impossible, but to the serious
students of Taekwon-Do and the exponents of this art, it is quite ordinary. Of
course, by mastering this art it does not mean that you will be asked to do
acts of impossibility. Particularly, if someone should challenge you to kill a
wild bull with your bare hands, therefore it is clear that equivalent
demonstrations of such effective use of pure somatic force are not to be seen
in other forms of physical combat technique.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Incessant training is essential to keep oneself in top form and physical
condition. In training, all the muscles of the human body will be used. From
the use of one’s muscles, it will be possible to harness all available power
generated by every muscular contraction. It will then be necessary to deliver
such power to the human target especially to where the most vulnerable points
or vital spots of one’s opponent are located, in particular when the opponent
is in motion. At this point it is necessary to remind the students of
Taekwon-Do that this art of self-defense is specially designed for swift
retaliation against the moving aggressor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Most of the devastating maneuvers in Taekwon-Do are based specially on
the initial impact of a blow plus the consequential additional force provided
by the rebound of the opponent’s moving part of the body. Similarly by using
the attacker’s force of momentum, the slightest push is all that is needed to
upset his or her equilibrium and to topple him or her.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the case of the students of Taekwon-Do who have been in constant
practice or the experts themselves, they spend no time thinking; as such an
action comes automatically to them. Their actions, in short, have become
conditioned reflexes. Therefore, throughout this Encyclopedia, the readers will
notice that repeated emphasis is placed on regular training, in order to master
the techniques of attack and defense.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hours spent on training will not be wasted; for surely you will reap a
rich reward in the form of speedy reactions and deadly blows to rain down upon
your enemy or in any case to save life if and when a need arises. Even if
Taekwon-Do is practiced for the sake of exercise alone, the enjoyment derived
will justify the time invested and spent. As an exercise, it is equally
suitable for the old and young, male and female.</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 98%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 100.0%;" width="100%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="235" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image030.jpg" width="171" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="What is Taekwondo" border="0" height="235" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image032.jpg" width="200" /><img border="0" height="235" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image034.jpg" width="187" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo (also, Tae Kwon Do, Taekwon-Do, or Tae Kwon-Do) is a martial
art and combat sport originating in Korea. Taekwondo is the national sport of
South Korea and sparring, kyeorugi, is an Olympic sporting event.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In Korean, derived from Hanja, tae (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Batang; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">태</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B7%86" title="wikt:跆"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">跆</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) means
to destroy with the feet; kwon (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Batang; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">권</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8B%B3" title="wikt:拳"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">拳</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) means
to strike or smash with the hand; and do (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Batang; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">도</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="wikt:道"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">道</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) means
“path”, “way” or “method”. Hence, taekwondo is loosely translated as “the way
of the feet and fist”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo’s popularity has resulted in the divergent evolution of the
martial art. As with many other martial arts, taekwondo is a combination of
combat technique, self-defense, sport, exercise, entertainment, and philosophy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo is a modern martial art, characterized by its fast, high and
spinning kicks. There are multiple interpretations of the name taekwondo.
Taekwondo is often translated as ‘the way of hand and foot’. My definition of
the name Taekwondo is</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Although there are great doctrinal and technical differences among
public and private taekwondo organizations. The art in general emphasizes kicks
thrown from a mobile stance, using the leg’s greater reach and power to disable
the opponent from a distance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Clipart.jpg"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Clipart-300x284.jpg" border="0" height="172" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image036.jpg" width="182" /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In sparring, turning, front, reverse turning and sidekicks are often
used, as well as the back fist and reverse punch; advanced kicks include jump,
spin, sliding, and skip kicks, often in combination.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo training often includes a system of blocks, punches,
open-handed strikes and may include various take-downs or sweeps, throws, and
joint locks, though it generally does not emphasize grappling.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo is one of the most systematic and scientific Korean
traditional martial arts, that teaches more than physical fighting skills. It
is a discipline that shows ways of enhancing our spirit and life through
training our body and mind. Today, it has become a global sport that has gained
an international reputation, and stands among the official games in the
Olympics.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Girl-Training.jpg"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Girl-Training-225x300.jpg" border="0" height="207" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image038.jpg" width="162" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><img border="0" height="207" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image040.jpg" width="256" /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><img border="0" height="215" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image042.jpg" width="163" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Let’s take a closer look at the meaning of the word “Tae” “Kwon” “Do.”
It is composed of three parts as shown in the English spelling, though it is
one word in Korean. “Tae” means “foot,” “leg,” or “to step on”; “Kwon” means
“fist,” or “fight”; and “Do” means the “way” or “discipline.” If we put these
three parts together, we can see two important concepts behind “Tae Kwon Do”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">First, Taekwondo is the right way of using Tae and Kwon ‘fists and
feet,’ or all the parts of the body that are represented by fists and feet.
Second, it is a way to control or calm down fights and keep the peace. This
concept comes from the meaning of Tae Kwon ‘to put fists under control’ [or 'to
step on fists']. Thus Taekwondo means “the right way of using all parts of the
body to stop fights and help to build a better and more peaceful world.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo has been developing with the 5000-year long history of Korea,
being called by several different names in the course. In Korea, Taekwondo
began as a defense martial art called “Subak” or “Taekkyon,” and developed as a
way of training body and mind in the ancient kingdom of Koguryo, under the name
of “Sunbae.” In the Shilla period, it had become the backbone of Hwarangdo that
aimed at producing leaders of the country.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo today is similar to the martial arts in other Oriental
countries and shares some features with them, because in the course of its
evolution it has gained many different styles that existed in the martial arts
of the countries surrounding Korea, like Japan and China.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><img border="0" height="184" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image044.jpg" width="275" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But Taekwondo is very different from many such oriental martial arts.
First, physically it is very dynamic with active movements that include a
mirage of foot skills. Second, the principle physical movements are in
simpatico with that of the mind and life as a whole. Third, it possesses
dynamic poses from another perspective.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo can be characterized by unity: the unity of body, mind, and
life, and the unity of the pose ["poomsae"] and confrontation, and
cracking down. When you do Taekwondo, you should make your mind peaceful and
synchronize your mind with your movements, and extend this harmony to your life
and society. This is how in Taekwondo the principle of physical movements, the
principle of mind training, and the principle of life become one and the same.
On the other hand, the right poomsae lead to the right confrontation, which
will eventually produce great destructive power.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">How come we reach such a unity in Taekwondo? Taekwondo is a way of life,
much like having a job, raising a family, fighting for a cause, or any one of
numerous raison d’être. What makes Taekwondo different from these is that it is
an activity for survival in extremely antagonistic situations. One must always
overcome the enemy that is trying to cause harm.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><img border="0" height="201" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image046.jpg" width="291" /><img border="0" height="200" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image047.jpg" width="298" /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">But simply winning a fight is not enough to guarantee one’s safety,
because the enemy may recuperate and attack again. Moreover, there may be many
other enemies than the one that was just defeated. One cannot ever feel safe
unless one gains permanent peace. To attain this permanent or lasting peace,
one needs unity. This is what Taekwondo aim for. Otherwise Taekwondo would be
no different from any other street-fighting skills.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo pursues harmonious growth and
improvements of life through its unique activities. This is why one could say
Taekwondo is a way of life. To ultimately enable ourselves to lead more
valuable lives, we would do well by finding the guiding principles deeply
hidden in Taekwondo.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 28.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chapter</span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 28.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 48.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></b><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 28.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 28.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo
History</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">History</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The oldest </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea" title="Korea"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> martial art was an amalgamation of
unarmed combat styles developed by the three rival Korean Kingdoms of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goguryeo" title="Goguryeo"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Goguryeo</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silla" title="Silla"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Silla</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekje" title="Baekje"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Baekje</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, where young men were trained in
unarmed combat techniques to develop strength, speed, and survival skills. The
most popular of these techniques was </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ssireum" title="Ssireum"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ssireum</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Subak</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> with </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekkyeon" title="Taekkyeon"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taekkyeon</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> being the most
popular of the segments of <i>Subak</i>. The Northern Goguryeo kingdom was a
dominant force in Northern Korea and North Eastern China prior to Common Era
and again from the 3rd century to the 6th century CE. Before the fall of
Goguryeo Dynasty 6th century CE, the Shilla Kingdom asked for help in training
its people for defence against pirate invasions. During this time a few select
Silla warriors were given training in </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekkyeon" title="Taekkyeon"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taekkyeon</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> by the early masters
from </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koguryo" title="Koguryo"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Koguryo</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. These Shilla warriors then became known as the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwarang" title="Hwarang"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hwarang</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. The Hwarang set up
a military academy for the sons of royalty in Silla called </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwarang-do" title="Hwarang-do"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hwarang-do</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, which means
"the way of flowering manhood." The Hwarang studied <i>taekkyeon</i>,
history, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucian" title="Confucian"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Confucian</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> philosophy, ethics, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhist" title="Buddhist"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Buddhist</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> morality, social
skills and military tactics. The guiding principles of the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwarang" title="Hwarang"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hwarang</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> warriors were based
on </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Won_Gwang" title="Won Gwang"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Won Gwang</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">'s five codes of human conduct and included loyalty, filial duty,
trustworthiness, valour and justice. <i>Taekkyeon</i> was spread throughout
Korea because the Hwarang travelled all around the peninsula to learn about the
other regions and people.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In spite of Korea's rich history of ancient and martial arts, Korean
martial arts faded into obscurity during the late </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseon_Dynasty" title="Joseon Dynasty"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Joseon Dynasty</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. Korean society
became highly centralized under </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_Confucianism" title="Korean Confucianism"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean Confucianism</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and martial arts were poorly regarded in a society whose ideals were
epitomized by its scholar-kings. Formal practices of traditional martial arts
such as </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Subak</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekkyeon" title="Taekkyeon"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taekkyeon</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> were reserved for
sanctioned military uses. However, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekkyeon" title="Taekkyeon"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taekkyeon</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> persisted into the
19th century as a folk game during the May-Dano festival and was still taught
as the formal military martial art throughout the Joseon Dynasty.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">During the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1905" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1905"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Japanese
occupation of Korea</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (1910–1945), all facets of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Korean" title="Ethnic Korean"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">ethnic Korean</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> identity were banned and suppressed with traditional </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_martial_arts" title="Korean martial arts"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean martial arts</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> such as </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekkyeon" title="Taekkyeon"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">taekkyeon</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> or </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subak" title="Subak"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Subak</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> banned during this
time. Early progenitors of Taekwondo who were able to study in Japan were
exposed to the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Japanese martial arts</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" title="Karate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">karate</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Judo</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kendo" title="Kendo"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Kendo</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, while others were exposed to the
martial arts of China and Manchuria as well as to the indigenous Korean martial
art of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekkyon" title="Taekkyon"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Taekkyon</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When the occupation ended in 1945, Korean martial arts schools (</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwans" title="Kwans"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Kwans</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) began to open in
Korea. There are differing views on the origins of the arts taught in these
schools. Some believe that they taught martial arts that were based primarily
upon the traditional Korean martial arts <i>taekkyon</i> and <i>Subak</i>, or
that taekwondo was derived from native Korean martial arts with influences from
neighbouring countries. Still others believe that these schools taught arts
that were almost entirely based upon </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" title="Karate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">karate</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1952, at the height of the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean War</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, there was a martial
arts exhibition in which the <i>Kwans</i> displayed their skills. In one
demonstration, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Tae_Hi" title="Nam Tae Hi"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Nam Tae Hi</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> smashed 13 roof
tiles with a punch. Following this demonstration, South Korean President </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngman_Rhee" title="Syngman Rhee"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Syngman Rhee</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> instructed </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi_Hong_Hi" title="Choi Hong Hi"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Choi Hong Hi</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> to introduce the
martial arts to the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Korea_Army" title="Republic of Korea Army"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean army</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. By the mid-1950s, nine <i>Kwans</i> had emerged. Syngman Rhee ordered
that the various schools unify under a single system. The name
"taekwondo" was submitted by either </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi_Hong_Hi" title="Choi Hong Hi"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Choi Hong Hi</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (of the Oh Do Kwan)
or Song Duk Son (of the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung_Do_Kwan" title="Chung Do Kwan"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Chung Do Kwan</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">), and was accepted on
April 11, 1955. As it stands today, the nine <i>Kwans</i> are the founders of
taekwondo, though not all the <i>Kwans</i> used the name. The </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korea_Taekwondo_Association" title="Korea Taekwondo Association"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korea
Taekwondo Association</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (KTA) was formed in 1959/1961 to
facilitate the unification.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the early 1960s, taekwondo made its début worldwide with assignment
of the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_masters_of_taekwondo" title="Original masters of taekwondo"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">original
masters of taekwondo</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> to various countries. Standardization
efforts in South Korea stalled, as the <i>Kwans</i> continued to teach
differing styles. Another request from the Korean government for unification
resulted in the formation of the Korea </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tae_Soo_Do" title="Tae Soo Do"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Tae Soo Do</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Association, which
changed its name back to the Korea Taekwondo Association in 1965 following a
change of leadership. The </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Taekwon-Do_Federation" title="International Taekwon-Do Federation"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">International Taekwon-Do Federation</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> was founded in 1966,
followed by </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Taekwondo_Federation" title="World Taekwondo Federation"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">World
Taekwondo Federation</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in 1973.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Since 2000, taekwondo has been one of only two Asian martial arts (the
other being </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo" title="Judo"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">judo</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) that are included in the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Olympic Games</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">; it became a
demonstration event starting with the 1988 games in Seoul, and became an
official medal event starting with the 2000 games in Sydney. In 2010, taekwondo
was accepted as a </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_Games" title="Commonwealth Games"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Commonwealth Games</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> sport.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">One source has estimated that as of 2009, taekwondo was practiced in 123
countries, with over 30 million practitioners and 3 million individuals with
black belts throughout the world.<sup> </sup>The South Korean government in the
same year published an estimate of 70 million practitioners in 190 countries.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang;">Taekwondo Description</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Features</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Master_Scott_Leonard.jpg"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/42/Master_Scott_Leonard.jpg/250px-Master_Scott_Leonard.jpg" border="0" height="151" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image049.jpg" width="195" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><img border="0" height="150" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image051.jpg" width="201" /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><img border="0" height="150" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image053.jpg" width="159" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif";">A jumping reverse hook kick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On Training<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kids Sparring</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo is known for its emphasis on high kicking and fast hand
techniques, which distinguishes it from martial arts such as </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karate" title="Karate"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">karate</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> or southern styles of </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung_fu" title="Kung fu"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">kung fu</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">. However, the World
Taekwondo Federation (WTF) believe that the leg is the longest and strongest
limb a martial artist has, and kicks thus have the greatest potential to
execute powerful strikes without successful retaliation. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo as a martial art is popular with people of both genders and of
many ages. Physically, taekwondo develops strength, speed, balance,
flexibility, and stamina. An example of the union of mental and physical
discipline is the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_(martial_arts)" title="Breaking (martial arts)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">breaking</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> of wooden boards, bricks or tiles, which requires both physical mastery
of the technique and the concentration to focus one's power.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A taekwondo student typically wears a uniform (</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobok" title="Dobok"><i><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dobok</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">도복</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">道服</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">), often white but sometimes black (or
other colours), with a belt (<i>dti</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">띠</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) tied around the waist. There are at
least three major styles of <i>do-bok</i>, with the most obvious differences
being in the style of jacket: (1) the cross-over front jacket that resembles
traditional Asian clothing, (2) the V-neck jacket (no cross-over) typically
worn by WTF practitioners, and (3) the vertical-closing front jacket (no
cross-over) typically worn by ITF practitioners. The belt colour and any
insignia thereon indicate the student's rank. In general, the darker the colour,
the higher the rank. The school or place where instruction is given is called the
<i>do-jang</i> (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">도장</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">). The grandmaster of the <i>do-jang</i> is called a <i>gwan-jang-nim</i>
(</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">관장님</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">); Master (senior
instructor or head of <i>do-jang</i>) is called <i>sa-beom-nim</i> (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">사범님</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">); Instructor is called <i>gyo-san-nim</i>
(</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">교사님</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">); Assistant
Instructor is called <i>jo-gyo-nim</i> (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">조교님</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo, along with many other martial arts, is traditionally
performed in bare feet, though there are specialist training shoes that can
sometimes be worn.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Although each taekwondo club or school will be different, a student
typically takes part in most or all of the following: </span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Learning
the techniques and curriculum of taekwondo</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Both
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaerobic_exercise" title="Anaerobic exercise"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">anaerobic</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobic_exercise" title="Aerobic exercise"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">aerobic</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
workout, including stretching</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Self-defence
techniques (<i>hosinsool</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">호신술</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyeong" title="Hyeong"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Patterns</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (also called forms, <i>poomsae</i>
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">품새</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">品勢</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, <i>teul</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">틀</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, <i>hyeong</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">형</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">型</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparring" title="Sparring"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Sparring</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (called <i>gyeorugi</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">겨루기</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, or <i>matseogi</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">맞서기</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> in the ITF), which may
include 7-, 3-, 2- and 1-step sparring, free-style sparring, arranged
sparring, point sparring, and other types</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation" title="Relaxation"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Relaxation</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">meditation</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> exercises; </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathing" title="Breathing"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">breathing</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> control</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Throwing
and/or falling techniques (<i>deonjigi</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">던지기</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and <i>ddeoreojigi</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">떨어지기</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A
focus on mental and ethical </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">discipline</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiquette" title="Etiquette"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">etiquette</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice" title="Justice"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">justice</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Respect" title="Respect"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">respect</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">,
and </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-confidence" title="Self-confidence"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">self-confidence</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_(martial_arts)" title="Breaking (martial arts)"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Breaking</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (<i>gyeokpa</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">격파</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> or <i>weerok</i>), using techniques to break
boards for testing, training and martial arts demonstrations.
Demonstrations often also incorporate bricks, tiles, and blocks of ice or
other materials. Can be separated into three types:</span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Power
breaking – using straightforward techniques to break as many boards as
possible</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Speed
breaking – boards are held loosely by one edge, putting special focus on
the speed required to perform the break</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level2 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Special
techniques – breaking fewer boards but using jumping or flying techniques
to attain greater heights, distances, or to clear obstacles</span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Exams
to progress to the next rank</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Some schools teach the "sine wave" technique when performing
patterns. This involves raising one's center of gravity between techniques,
then lowering it as the technique is performed, producing the up-and-down
movement from which the term "sine wave" is derived. Other schools
teach that one's center of gravity should remain generally constant throughout
the performance of a pattern except where the pattern's description states
otherwise. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Tae
Kwon Do Origins and Evolution</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Origins
and Evolution</span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 150%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 66.66%;" width="66%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Tae Kwon Do Origins and Evolution" border="0" height="210" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image055.jpg" width="211" /></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><img border="0" height="211" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image057.jpg" width="240" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 33.34%;" width="33%"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Tae Kwon Do is a martial art developed over 20
centuries ago in Korea. The earliest records of its practice date back to 50BC
where tomb paintings show men in fighting stances practicing forms known as
Taek Kyon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It is believed that the origins of Taek Kyon date
even further back and originated as self-defense against wild animals whose
defensive and offensive movements were also the subject of much analysis. Taek
Kyon, at the time was only one style of fighting. Others had names such as
Subak, Tak Kyon and so on.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">By 57 BC Korea had three kingdoms (Koguryo, Paekje
and Silla) and, with a certain degree of inevitability, a strong rivalry
amongst them led to the focus on the development of very effective fighting
techniques.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">History, repeatedly, has shown that it is the
victor who writes the script and this case was no exception. Silla won its wars
against its two rivals and in 668 AD it unified the three kingdoms. Instrumental
in its victory were the Hwa Rang Do, an elite group of young men who were
devoted to cultivating their bodies and minds and serving the kingdom.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hwa Rang Do, quite literally, means flowering youth
(Hwa=flower, Rang=young man) and the young noblemen of the Hwa Rang Do
practised various forms of martial arts. The Hwa Rang Do also developed an honor
code and it is this which today forms the philosophical background of Tae Kwon
Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 936AD the Silla dynasty came to an end and with
it the kingdom. In its place, Wang Kon founded the Koryo dynasty. Koryo is an
abbreviation of Koguryo which Wang Kon sought to revive. The modern name Korea
is derived directly from the word Koryo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Tae-Kwon-Do-Doublekick.gif" border="0" height="247" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image059.gif" width="225" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><img border="0" height="249" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image061.jpg" width="235" /></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It was during the Koryo that a new sport was given
form. It was called Soo Bakh Do and it was used, principally, as a military
training method. Drawing from the many different forms of martial arts which
had preceded it Soo Bakh Do used bare hands and feet as a weapon and its
intensity was such that it was seen as a very good way of maintaining one’s
strength and overall fitness. As a result its popularity spread throughout the
kingdom of Koryo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This was the precursor to modern day Tae Kwon Do.
Despite its effectiveness as a means of training for warfare however and its
popularity with the peasants in the fields by 1492 it had almost disappeared.
What happened was that King Taejo, founder of the Yi dynasty, replaced Buddhism
with Confucianism as the state religion. The teachings of Confucius, imported
from the refined, rarefied culture of China, dictated that the higher class of
man should read poetry and music and the practice of martial arts should be
something left to the less refined, even inferior, man.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Yi dynasty lasted from 1392 to 1910 and during
that time the practice of martial arts and the code of honor of the Hwa Rang
remained alive in isolated, stubbornly traditional cultural backwaters of
Korea. In 1910 however Korea was invaded by Japan who dominated it until the
end of World War II. The Japanese tried to erase all of the Korean culture
including its martial arts. As is usual with such situations this brought a
stubborn resurgence in the practice of martial arts which now, once more, had a
very practical role to play against an invader who strictly controlled the supply
of weapons.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Along with occupation, the Japanese also brought
karate with them and indeed the quick, straight-line movements which characterize
many Tae Kwon Do moves today are a direct result of the legacy left behind by
the Japanese army of occupation. After the end of World War II, when Korea
became independent, several Kwans, or fighting styles, arose. These were: Chung
Do Kwan, Moo Duk Kwan, Yun Moo Kwan, Chang Moo Kwan, Oh Do Kwan, Ji Do Kwan,
Chi Do Kwan and Song Moo Kwan. All these Kwans were united in 1955 under the
name of Tae Soo Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Playing.jpg"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Playing-300x208.jpg" border="0" height="171" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image063.jpg" width="245" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><img border="0" height="170" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image065.jpg" width="227" /></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Korea’s struggle to re-discover its identity and
many traditions was, with some degree of inevitability, reflected in the subsequent
development of its martial arts movement and by the beginning of 1957 several
Korean martial arts masters had adopted the name Tae Kwon Do for their form of
martial arts, because of its similarity to Tae Kyon.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The very first Tae Kwon Do students were soldiers
because General Choi Hong-Hi, who is credited as the father of modern Tae Kwon
Do, required his soldiers to train in it. The police and air force had to train
in Tae Kwon Do as well. At the time Tae Kwon Do was still very heavily under
the influence of Japanese karate and, indeed, many of its moves and style bore
a very close resemblance to Shotokan Karate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1961, however, the Korean Tae Kwon Do Union
arose from the Soo Bakh Do Association and the Tae Soo Do Association. In 1962
the Korean Amateur Sports Association acknowledged the Korean Tae Kwon Do Union
and in 1965 the name was set to Korean Tae Kwon Do Association (KTA).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">General Choi Hong-Hi was president of the KTA at
the time and he was asked to start the International Tae Kwon Do Federation
(ITF) as the international branch of the KTA. What follows next is best
described as the rise of the acronyms. In 1961, following the overthrow of the
southern government of Korea general Choi left for the United States where he
established the ITF as a separate entity, in 1963.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Tae Kwon Do was introduced in the UK in 1967, just
four years after the foundation of ITF. Six years later the World Tae Kwon Do
Federation (WTF) was founded and in 1980 it was recognized by the International
Olympic Committee (IOC) which made it a demonstration sport in the Olympic
Games.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Korea Tae Kwon Do Association (KTA) is the
National Governing Body (NGB) for Tae Kwon Do in the Republic of Korea, just
like the United States Tae Kwon Do Union (USTU) is the NGB for Tae Kwon Do in
the United States. The World Tae Kwon Do Federation (WTF) is made up of Tae
Kwon Do NGBs. These NGBs are member organizations of the WTF. Individuals can
be affiliated to the WTF through their NGBs but cannot join the WTF directly!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As the popularity of Tae Kwon Do increased in the
west several attempts were made to unite the two Tae Kwon Do organizations but
these were unsuccessful. It was largely because of all this that in August 1983
it was decided to form, in the UK, an organization that would be run on
principals far more democratic than were permitted by the two governing bodies
of the time (the ITF and WTF). This became the basis of the Tae Kwon Do
Association of Great Britain (TAGB).</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Five years later, in April 1988, the TAGB became a
founding member of the British Tae Kwon Do Council (BTC). The BTC is the only
body recognized by the United Kingdom Sports Council and it incorporates 11
different organizations. The birth of the TAGB and the formation of the BTC
represent a happy chapter in the tumultuous history of Tae Kwon Do.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/staekwondo1.gif" border="0" height="154" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image067.jpg" width="208" /></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">With the power of hindsight it is easy to make
light of the differences of organizations which have more in common than not.
It would, however, be also proper to reflect that the birth of Tae Kwon Do, its
development and its propagation are as much a mirror of its troubled origin and
the practical needs which made it possible as they are a telling remark on the
apparent inability of its many governing bodies to cast aside their differences
and find some common ground.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The TAGB, with over 18,000 members represents the
next stage in the development of Tae Kwon Do. With its grounding in the ethos
and tenets which were first espoused by the Hwa Rang over 2,000 years ago and
its open acceptance and constant development of forms, training techniques and
ideas, it stands poised to take an ancient fighting form into the 21st century,
successfully linking the distant past with an equally distant, and certainly no
less wondrous, future.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In view of this, in 1993, a new world body was
formed called Tae Kwon Do International. The new body encompasses both ITF and
WTF stylists, it is entirely non-political in orientation and its sole aim is
to promote the benefits of Tae Kwon Do as a sport and as a martial art,
worldwide. The TAGB is a founding member of this new body.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Philosophy of Taekwondo</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Philosophy of Taekwondo" border="0" height="179" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image069.jpg" width="130" /></span><span lang="X-NONE" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><img border="0" height="179" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image071.jpg" width="226" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="179" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image073.jpg" width="232" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Since taekwondo is developed in several different <i>Kwans</i>, there
are several different expressions of taekwondo philosophy. For example, the
tenets of the ITF are said to be summed up by the last two phrases in the ITF
Student Oath: "I shall be a champion of freedom and justice" and
"I shall build a more peaceful world." Many forms of Tae Kwon Do,
however, are based on what are called the "Five Tenets of Tae Kwon
Do". These tenets are: Courtesy (Ye Ui), Integrity (Yom Chi), Perseverance
(In Nae), Self Control (Guk Gi), and Indomitable Spirit (Baekjul Boolgool). </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The philosophy of Taekwondo is very special, but
what makes it so special? If we learn philosophy from books, we tend to forget
it as soon as we leave them, because it is not related to our actual lives. But
since Taekwondo is connected with our lives like every movement of ours we can
never forget its philosophy.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">That is, the philosophy is one of actions that can
be learned from other actions, and our everyday activities. Taekwondo
philosophy represents the principles of the changes and movements in human
beings. It also represents the principles of our lives, since life consists of
our movements.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">can understand the philosophy of Taekwondo by doing
Taekwondo, and this understanding should lead to better understanding and
enhancement of our life.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The principles of Taekwondo can be explained in
several ways but here we will explain it simply with the principle of “Sam Jae”
[Three Elements] and that of “Eum” [the Negative or Darkness] and “Yang” [the
Positive or the Brightness]. “Sam Jae” refers to “Cheon” [the Heaven], “Ji”
[the Earth], and “In” [the Man] and the principles concerning them.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In oriental countries, it has been recognized as
the central principle that explains the changes of everything in the world.
“Sam Jae” and the changes of “Eum” and “Yang” constitute the “Eight Trigrams
for Divination” in the “Book of Changes.” The principle of Sam Jae has been
emphasized in oriental countries, especially in Korea.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><img border="0" height="145" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image075.jpg" width="234" /><img border="0" height="186" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image077.jpg" width="133" /><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/taekwondo-Family.jpg"><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/taekwondo-Family-300x159.jpg" border="0" height="142" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image079.jpg" width="230" /></span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">If you understand Taekwondo’s principle, you could
understand all the skills and spiritual depth of Taekwondo. The principle of
Eum and Yang has also been emphasized in oriental countries as the central
principle of life. It maintains that everything has an opposite side.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This principle explains various forms of changes,
but it comes from “Taegeuk” [the Great Absolute], which represents the ultimate
claim that Eum and Yang was the one and the same thing. If we understand
Taekwondo according to this principle, we will find a solution, and by
continuously changing skills, we will never get stuck, in any situation. After
we understand these philosophical principles of Taekwondo, we can find proper
ways to understand and develop our lives.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">What is the philosophy of Taekwondo? </span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo contains thoughts that Han [Korean]
people had developed through history. Its philosophy is easily explained with
Hongik-Ingan, Jaese-Ihwa, or Hwarangdo spirit. Hongik-Ingan and Jaese-Ihwa were
not only ideologies of Tangun Chosun’s foundation, but also a fundamental
thought of Han people. With time, these ideas developed into the Hwarangdo
spirit and the Taekwondo philosophy today. Now, let’s look at the principles
contents of the philosophy.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Hongik-Ingan” means universal welfare of mankind.
It was the idea of the national foundation by Tangun, and the Taekwondo spirit
too has inherited the idea of Hongik-Ingan. It is easily confirmed from the
fact that the word of Taekwondo, itself means to suppress fighting and induce
peace.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">On one hand, Jaese-Ihwa means that the world is
educated in accordance with the reason of heaven. Taekwondo is a principle, not
a simple connection with movements. It is the Korean traditional martial art
characterized by the trinity of body, mind and life. Thus, the principle is the
reason of all creation, and so it refers to the reason of heaven in Jaese-Ihwa.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Therefore, human beings can be educated in
accordance with the reason of heaven through correct training of Taekwondo.
That’s the very meaning of Jaese-Ihwa. Hongik-Ingan and Jaese-Ihwa appear
clearly in the myth of the Korean foundation. According to it, “In the early
age, Hwan-Wung, the son of Heaven established a nation called Baedal [earliest
name of Korea]. He then announced the purpose of the national foundation as
Jaese-Ihwa [educate with the reason of heaven] and Hongik-Ingan [universal
welfare of mankind].</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Taekwondo Ethics</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Ethics</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Taekwondo Ethics" border="0" height="210" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image081.jpg" width="152" /></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><img border="0" height="210" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image083.jpg" width="199" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">As in all Martial Arts, ethics are of great
importance. One can look at individual ethics, treat a fellow-man right, or one
can look at social ethics, as part of a whole. Ethics basically all comes down
to one point, the difference between ‘good’ and ‘evil’. We practice taekwondo,
often seen as an aggressive sport, but does this mean that we can be
aggressive? Do we want to be aggressive? The answer is NO!</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">We wear protection, because we don’t want someone
else to be injured, nor do we want to get hurt ourselves. Taekwondo is not a
destructive and aggressive sport, but a sportive one. As I see it, taking part
in a competition is not to hurt your opponent, but to test your strength, in
both physical and mental ways.</span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo students can improve themselves
physically and mentally by training. The final goal is to achieve harmony with
nature and oneself. Balance is gained by controlling both evil and good forces
(Yin vs. Yang): A true Taekwondo student knows how to behave in all situations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In my opinion, Taekwondo (and I guess this goes for
every Martial Art) is not only a way to improve skills of self defense, but
it’s a way of life. Practicing Taekwondo gives the student more
self-confidence, but this should not result in a false sense of superiority.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">HwaRang Do code of honor:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Because of the military background, there is a
general code. These codes are reflected in the so-called ‘Commandments of
modern Taekwondo’ and are strongly influenced by the Buddhism. These commandments
are influenced by the <b>HwaRang Do code of honor:</b></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Serve
your lord with loyalty</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Serve
your parents with filial piety</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Trust
your friends</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Never
retreat from a battle</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When
taking life, be selective</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The commandments of Taekwondo are used as a guide
for the moral development of students and art. No student who does not fully
understand these tenets can ever hope to master the true essence of the art.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Commandments of modern Taekwondo:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Loyalty
to your country</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Respect
your parents</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Faithfulness
to your spouse</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Respect
your brothers and sisters</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Loyalty
to your friends</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Respect
your elders</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Respect
your teacher</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Never
take life unjustly</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Indomitable
spirit</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Loyalty
to your school</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo5; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Finish
what you begin</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Tenets of Taekwondo:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="[courtesy]" border="0" height="39" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image084.gif" width="72" /></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Courtesy (Ye Ui)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">: To be thoughtful and
considerate of others. Taekwondo practitioners (both students and instructors)
should be polite, and show consideration for others.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="[integrity]" border="0" height="39" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image085.gif" width="77" /></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Integrity (Yom Chi):</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Integrity describes how you should interact with others, to be honest
and good, earn respect and trust.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="[perseverance]" border="0" height="42" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image086.gif" width="77" /></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Perseverance (In Nae)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">: This
basically stands for your internal drive. Challenges allow us to improve
ourselves and should therefore not be avoided.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="[self control]" border="0" height="40" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image087.gif" width="72" /></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Self control (Guk Ki)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">: To have
control of your body and mind. A Taekwondo student should practice controlling
his actions and reactions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="[indomitable spirit]" border="0" height="43" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image088.gif" width="170" /></span><b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Indomitable spirit (Baekjool Boolgool)</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">: To have
courage in the face of adversity. A Taekwondo student should never be dominated
by, or have his spirit broken by another.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">How to behave in the dojang:</span></b><span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There are a few general rules.</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Always
wear a clean Dobok.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Clean
hands, feet, short nails.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Don’t
wear sharp things (if you do not have a Dobok, do not wear pants with
zippers etc.)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">No
jewelry allowed</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Don’t
drink, smoke or eat in the dojang (no chewing gum!)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Be
on time.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When
entering and leaving the dojang, make a proper bow</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Don’t
talk, unless it is necessary</span></li>
</ul>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 36.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Chapter</span><b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 48.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">4</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Taekwondo Organizations</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Organizations</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-width: 0%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="173" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image090.jpg" width="168" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 0%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-width: 0%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="171" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image092.jpg" width="228" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-width: 0%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="171" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image094.jpg" width="155" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 630.8pt; mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 0%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 4.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="height: 4.0pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 50.0%;" width="50%"><br /></td>
<td style="height: 4.0pt; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 50.0%;" width="50%"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The largest taekwondo organizations are the World Taekwondo Federation
(WTF) and International Taekwondo Federation (ITF). The WTF is headquartered in
South Korea and was founded in 1973 by a group of various national taekwondo
teams. Its purpose is to coordinate international competition events under the
rules of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Although the terms “WTF” and “Kukkiwon” are often mistakenly used
interchangeably to refer to this organization, the Kukkiwon is a completely
different organization which trains and certifies instructors and issues
official dan and Poom certificates worldwide.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Kukkiwon has its own unique physical building that contains the
administrative offices of Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters) in Seoul,
South Korea. The Kukkiwon was founded in 1972.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The unofficial training headquarters of the International Taekwondo
Federation is located at the Taekwondo Palace located in Pyongyang, North Korea
and was founded in the mid-1990s. Today, the International Taekwondo Federation
is splintered into three different groups, all claiming to be the original. The
three are located in Austria, Canada and North Korea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/tae_kwon_do_patches.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/tae_kwon_do_patches.jpg" border="0" height="241" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image096.jpg" width="241" /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Outside of the World Taekwondo Federation and the International
Taekwondo Federation, a large number of organizations exist, such as American
Taekwondo Federation(ATF), ATA, UITF, USTF, MTA (Midwest Taekwondo
Association),(IPTF) International Progressive Taekwondo Federation, TAGB, WTA
and so on.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">These private organizations require that students belong to a member
club or school. Events and competitions held by private organizations are
mostly closed to other Taekwondo students. However, the WTF-sanctioned events
allow any person, regardless of school affiliation or martial arts style, to
compete in World Taekwondo Federation events as long as he or she is a member
of the WTF Member National Association in his or her nation, which is open to
anyone to join.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The major technical differences among these many organizations revolve
around the patterns, called hyeong (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Batang; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">형</span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">), poomsae (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Batang; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">품새</span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">), or teul
(</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Batang; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">틀</span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">), sets of
prescribed formal sequences of movements that demonstrate mastery of posture,
positioning, and technique, sparring rules for competition (e.g. ITF
light-contact versus WTF full-contact), and philosophy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In addition to these private organizations, the original schools (Kwans)
that formed the organization that would eventually become the Kukkiwon continue
to exist as independent fraternal membership organizations that support the WTF
and the Kukkiwon. The official curriculum of the Kwans is that of the Kukkiwon.
The Kwans also function as a channel for the issuing of Kukkiwon dan and poom
certification (black belt ranks) for their members.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Each Kwan has its own individual pledge of tenets and manners that
describes the organization’s goals for personal improvement. For example, the
tenets of Oh Do Kwan and the ITF are: courtesy (ye-ui), integrity (yom-chi),
perseverance (in-nae), self-control (geuk-gi), and indomitable spirit
(baek-jeol-bul-gul). The Jidokwan manners are: view, feel, think, speak, order,
contribute, have ability, and conduct rightly.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Some organizations also recognize one or two additional tenets beyond
the five original Oh Do Kwan tenets; these are community service
(sa-hui-bong-sa) and love (sa-rang).</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 0in 1.5pt .15in;"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: 3.0pt .15in 3.0pt .15in; width: 100.0%;" width="100%"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Breaking_concrete.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Breaking_concrete.jpg/220px-Breaking_concrete.jpg" border="0" height="202" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image097.jpg" width="220" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Four concrete paving bricks broken
with a knife-hand strike. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 290.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_(martial_arts)" title="Breaking (martial arts)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Breaking</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
techniques are often practiced in taekwondo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 290.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Two of the most popular systems of taekwondo are
named solely after their respective organizations: the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Taekwondo_Federation" title="World Taekwondo Federation"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">World
Taekwondo Federation</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (WTF) and the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Taekwon-Do_Federation" title="International Taekwon-Do Federation"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">International Taekwon-Do Federation</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (ITF).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 290.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The WTF was founded in 1973, with roots in the KTA.
The KTA Central Dojang had been opened in South Korea in 1972, and a few months
later, the name was changed to the Kukkiwon. The following year, the WTF was
formed. The </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">International Olympic Committee</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> recognized the WTF and taekwondo
sparring in 1980.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 290.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Although the terms "WTF" and
"Kukkiwon" are often mistakenly used interchangeably, the Kukkiwon is
a completely different organization which trains and certifies instructors and
issues official </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_rank" title="Dan rank"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">dan</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and <i>poom</i> certificates
worldwide. The Kukkiwon has its own unique physical building that contains the
administrative offices of Kukkiwon (World Taekwondo Headquarters) in Seoul,
South Korea and is the system of taekwondo. The WTF is a tournament committee
and is not technically a style or a system.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 290.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The ITF was founded in 1966 by </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choi_Hong_Hi" title="Choi Hong Hi"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Choi Hong Hi</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> as a
splinter group from the KTA. After Choi's death in 2002, a number of succession
disputes splintered the ITF into three different groups, all claiming to be the
original. These three bodies are all private organizations. Two are located in
Austria and one in Canada. The unofficial training headquarters of the ITF is
located at the Taekwondo Palace in </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyongyang" title="Pyongyang"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Pyongyang</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">North Korea</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, and was founded in the
mid-1990s. There are many other private organizations, such as the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Traditional_Taekwondo_Union" title="World Traditional Taekwondo Union"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">World Traditional Taekwondo Union</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Taekwondo_Association" title="American Taekwondo Association"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">American Taekwondo Association</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> promoting the Songahm style of
taekwondo and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhee_Taekwon-Do" title="Rhee Taekwon-Do"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Rhee Taekwon-Do</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> teaching the military style of
taekwondo. Events and competitions held by private organizations are mostly
closed to other taekwondo students. However, the WTF-sanctioned events allow
any person, regardless of school affiliation or martial arts style, to compete
in WTF events as long as he or she is a member of the WTF Member National
Association in his or her nation, which is open to anyone to join. The major
technical differences among these many organizations revolve around the </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyeong" title="Hyeong"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">patterns</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, called <i>hyeong</i> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">형</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, <i>poomsae</i>
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">품새</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, or <i>teul</i>
</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">틀</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, sets of
prescribed formal sequences of movements that demonstrate mastery of posture,
positioning, and technique, sparring rules for competition, and philosophy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: 290.6pt;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In addition to these private organizations, the
original schools (</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwans" title="Kwans"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Kwans</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) that formed the organization
that would eventually become the Kukkiwon continue to exist as independent
fraternal membership organizations that support the WTF and the Kukkiwon. The
official curriculum of the <i>Kwans</i> is that of the Kukkiwon. The <i>Kwans</i>
also function as a channel for the issuing of Kukkiwon <i>dan</i> and <i>poom</i>
certification (black belt ranks) for their members.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Taekwondo
Patterns</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Patterns
or Poomses<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 142%px;">
<tbody>
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<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 64.96%;" width="64%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Taekwondo Patterns" border="0" height="275" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image099.jpg" width="200" /><img alt="taekwondo patterns, taekwondo forms, taekwondo poomse, taekwondo" border="0" height="276" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image101.jpg" width="184" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 35.04%;" width="35%"><br /></td>
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</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Forms, or Poomses in Korean language, are a series of defending and
attacking movements performed against imaginary opponents in a set pattern.
Through the practice of forms, students come to learn the applications of
various techniques of Taekwondo.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Forms serve a multi-dimensional role, aiding in development and
refinement of coordination, balance, timing, breath control and rhythm, all of
which are essential skills to the Taekwondo student.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomse’s: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">W.T.F. uses Poomses for patterns. Poomses originate from the book ‘I
Ching’, a Chinese oracle. The I Ching has 64 hexagrams, a combination of two
sets of three lines, closed or broken. The sets of three lines are called
trigrams.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The closed lines represent Yang, the open lines Yin. In the Chinese
language, the unity of Yin and Yang is called ‘taich’i’. In the Korean
language, the unity is called <i>T’ae-guk</i>. This explains the term Poomsae
Taeguk. The eight trigrams together are called <i>Pal-gwe</i> as in Poomsae
Palgwe.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/iching.jpg" border="0" height="262" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image103.jpg" width="265" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Taeguk/Palgwe Il Jang — Heaven</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<img align="left" alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/tri-1.gif" height="37" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image105.gif" width="53" /><i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(South,
Father)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> The first Taeguk/Palgwe is the beginning of all Poomses. The associated
trigram represents Yang (heaven, light), therefore, this Poomsae should be
performed with the greatness of Heaven.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Taeguk/Palgwe Ee Jang — Lake</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<img align="left" alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/tri-2.gif" height="36" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image107.gif" width="52" /><i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(South
East, Youngest daughter)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> In the depths of the lake are treasures and
mysteries. The movements of this Taeguk/Palgwe should be performed knowing that
man has limitations, but that we can overcome these limitations. This should
lead to a feeling of joy, knowing that we can control our future.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<img align="left" alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/tri-3.gif" height="37" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image109.gif" width="53" /><b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae
Taeguk/Palgwe Sam Jang — Fire</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(East, Second daughter)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Fire contains a lot of
energy. Fire helped man to survive, but on the other hand had some catastrophically
results. This form should be performed rhythmically, with some outbursts of
energy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Taeguk/Palgwe Sa Jang — Thunder</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<img align="left" alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/tri-4.gif" height="37" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image111.gif" width="53" /><i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(North
East, Eldest son)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Thunder comes from the sky and is absorbed by the earth. Thunder is one
of the most powerful natural forces, circling, gyrating. This Taeguk/Palgwe
should be performed with this in mind.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Taeguk/Palgwe Oh Jang — Wind</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<img align="left" alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/tri-5.gif" height="36" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image113.gif" width="51" /><i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(South
West, Eldest daughter)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Wind is a gentle force, but can sometimes be
furious, destroying everything in it`s path. Poomsae Taeguk/Palgwe Oh Jang
should be performed like the wind: gently, but knowing the ability of mass
destruction with a single movement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<img align="left" alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/tri-6.gif" height="36" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image115.gif" width="51" /><b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae
Taeguk/Palgwe Yook Jang — Water</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(West, Second son)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Water can move a mountain. The movements of
this Poomsae should be performed like water. Sometimes standing still like
water in a lake, sometimes thriving as a river.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Taeguk/Palgwe Chil Jang — Mountain</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<img align="left" alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/tri-7.gif" height="36" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image117.gif" width="51" /><i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(North
West, Youngest son)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> Mountains will always look majestic, no matter the size. This Poomsae
should be performed with the feeling that all movements are this majestic and
deserved to be praised.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Taeguk/Palgwe Pal Jang — Earth</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(North, Mother)</span></i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> The associated trigram of this Poomsae is
Yin: the end of the beginning, the evil part of all that is good. Even in this
darkness, there is still some light. Performing this Taeguk/Palgwe, one should
be aware that this is the last Taeguk/Palgwe to be learned, it also is the end
of a circle, and therefore it is also the first, the second etc…</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Both Palgwe’s and Taeguk’s are numbered from one to eight. After this
point, there is no longer a difference between the patterns. The patterns below
follow the Poomsae Taeguks as well as the Poomsae Palgwes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Koryo</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Koryo (Korea) is the name of an old Korean Dynasty. The people from the
Koryo-period defeated the Mongolian aggressors. Their spirit is reflected in
the movements of the Poomsae Koryo. Each movement of this Poomsae represents
the strength and energy needed to control the Mongols.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Keumgang</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The definition of Keumgang is “Too h3 to be broken”, or “diamond”. The
movements of the Poomsae Keumgang are as beautiful as the Keumgang-san (a
Korean mountain) and as h3 as Keumgang-seok (diamond).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae TaeBaek</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The legendary ‘Dangoon’ founded a nation in Taebaek, near Korea’s
biggest mountain Baekdoo. Baekdoo is a symbol for Korea. The definition of
Taebaek is “lightness”. Every movement in this Poomsae must not only be exact
en fast, but with determination and hardness.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Pyongwon</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The definition of Pyongwon is “stretch, vast plain”: big, majestic.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Sipjin</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sipjin stands for decimal. This Poomsae represents the orderliness of
the decimal system. It also means the endless development and growth in a
systematic order: stability.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Jitae</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Jitae is derived from the meaning of the earth. All things evolve from
and return to the earth, the earth is the beginning and the end of life.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Cheonkwon</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Cheonkwon means ‘sky’. The sky should be seen as ruler of the universe. It
is mysterious, infinite and profound. The motions of Cheonkwon are full of piety
and vitality.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Hansoo</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This poomsae is derived from the fluidity of water which easily adapts
within nature.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Poomsae Ilyo</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The state of spiritual cultivation in Buddhism is called ‘Ilyo’ which
means more or less ‘oneness’. In Ilyo, body and mind, spirit and substance, I
and you are unified. The ultimate ideal of taekwondo can be found in this
state. It is a discipline in which we concentrate on every movement leaving all
materialistic thoughts, obsessions and external influences behind.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Tul’s</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">I.T.F. has 24 patterns (or Tul) representing the 24 hours of the day or
the whole of a man’s life. There are 10 patterns for the first black belt, at
which point the member moves from being a ‘beginner’ to a ‘novice’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The primary difference between I.T.F. and W.T.F. (from looking to the
two) is that I.T.F. uses a ‘stepping’ movement for all hand techniques.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This ‘stepping motion’ that the I.T.F. utilizes is referred to by I.T.F.
practitioners as “Sine wave”, “Knee Spring” or “up/down Motion”. It causes the
body to move in a “sine wave” resulting in the whole body being involved at the
moment of impact, blocking or attacking.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This technique is not just used for hand-techniques. It is used in
I.T.F. kicking techniques as well.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chon-Ji Tul (19 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Literally means heaven and earth. It is in the orient interpreted as the
creation of the world or the beginning of human history, therefore it is the
initial pattern played by the beginner. This pattern consists of two similar
parts; one to represent the Heaven and the other the Earth.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dan-Gun Tul (21 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dan Gun is named after the Holy Dan Gun, the legendary founder of Korea
in the year 2333 B.C.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Do-San Tul (24 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Do-San is a pseudonym of the patriot Ahn Chang-Ho (1876 – 1938). The 24
movements represent his entire life which he devoted to furthering education in
Korea and the Korean independence movement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Won-Hyo Tul (28 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Won-Hyo was the noted monk who introduced Buddhism to the Silla Dynasty
in the year 686 AD.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Yul-Gok Tul (38 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Yul-Gok is a pseudonym of a great philosopher and scholar Yi I (1536 –
1584) nicknamed the “Confucius of Korea”. The 38 movements of this pattern
refer to his birthplace on 38 degree latitude and the diagram of the pattern
represents scholar.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Joon-Gun Tul (32 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Joong-Gun is named after the patriot Ahn Joong-Gun who assassinated Hiro
Bumi Ito, the first Japanese governor-general of Korea, known as the man who
played the leading part in the Korea-Japan merger. There are 32 movements in
this patter to represent Mr. Ahn’s age when he was executed at Lui-Shung in
1910.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Toi-Gye Tul (37 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Toi-Gye is the pen name of the noted scholar Yi Hwang (16th century) an
authority on neo-Confucianism. The 37 movements of the pattern refer to his
birthplace on 37 degree latitude, the diagram represent “scholar”.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hwa-Rang Tul (29 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hwa Rang is named after the Haw Rang youth group which originated in the
Silla Dynasty in the early 7th century. The 29 movements refer to the 29th
infantry Division, where Taekwondo developed into maturity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choong-Moo Tul (30 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choong-Moo was the name given to the great Admiral Yi Soon-Sin of the Yi
Dynasty. He was reputed to have invented the first armored battleship
(Kobukson) in 1592, which is said to be the precursor of the present day
submarine. This pattern ends with a left hand attack, to symbolize his
regrettable death. He was noted for his unrestrained loyalty to the King.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kwang-Gae Tul (39 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kwang-Gae is named after the famous Kwang-Gae-Toh-Wang, the 19th king of
the Koguryo Dynasty, who regained all the lost territories including the
greater part of Manchuria. The diagram represents the expansion and recovery of
lost territory. The 39 movements refer to the first two figures of 391 AD, the
year he came to the throne.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Po-Eun Tul (36 movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Po-Eun is the pseudonym of a loyal subject Chong-Mong-Chu (1400) who was
a famous poet and whose poem “I would not serve a second master though I might
be crucified a hundred times” is known to every Korean. He was also a pioneer
in the field of physics. The diagram represents his unerring loyalty to the
king and country towards the end of the Koryo Dynasty.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ge-Baek Tul (44 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ge-Baek is named after Ge-Baek, a great general in the Baek-Je Dynasty
(660AD). The diagram represents his severe and strict military discipline.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eui-Am Tul (45 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eui-Am is the pseudonym of Son Byong Hi, leader of the Korean
independence movement on March 1, 1919. The 45 movements refer to his age when
he changed his name of Dong Hak (oriental Culture) to Chondo Kyo (Heavenly Way
Religion) in 1905. The diagram represents his indomitable spirit, displayed
while dedicating himself to the prosperity of his nation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choong-Jang Tul (52 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choong-Jang is the pseudonym given to General Kim Duk Ryang who lived
during the Yi Dynasty, 14th century. This pattern ends with a left hand attack
to symbolize the tragedy of his death at 27 in prison before he was able to
reach full maturity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Juche Tul (45 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Juche is a philosophical idea that man is the master of everything and
decides everything, in other words, the idea that man is that master of the
world and his own destiny. It is said that this idea was rooted in Baekdu Mount
which symbolize the spirit of the Korean people. The diagram represents Baekdu
Mountain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sam II Tul (33 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sam Il denotes the historical date of the independence movement of Korea
which began throughout the country on March 1, 1919. The 33 movements in the
pattern stand for the 33 patriots who planned the movement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Yoo-Sin Tul (68 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Yoo Sin is named after General Kin Yoo Sin, a commanding general during
the Silla Dynasty. The 68 movements refer to the last two figures of 668 AD the
year Korea was unified. The ready posture signifies a sword drawn to the right
rather than the left side, symbolizing Yoo sin’s mistake of following his
king’s orders to fight with foreign force against his own nation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choi Yong Tul (46 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choi Yong is named after General Choi Yong, Premier and Commander-in
Chief of the armed forces during the 14th century Koryo Dynasty. Choi Yong was
greatly respected for his loyalty, patriotism, and humility. He was executed by
subordinate commanders headed by General Yi Sung Gae, who later became the
first king of the Yi Dynasty.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Yon Gae Tul (49 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Yon Gae is named after a famous general during the Koguryo Dynasty. Yon
Gae Somoon. The 49 movements refer to the last two figures of 649 AD the year
he forced the Tang Dynasty to quit Korea after destroying nearly 300,000 of
their troops at Ansi Sung.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">UL-JI Tul (42 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">UL-JI is named after general UL-JI Moon Dok who successfully defended
Korea against a Tang’s invasion force of nearly one million soldiers led by
Yang Je in 612 AD, Ul-JI employing hit and run guerilla tactics was able to
decimate a large percentage of the force. The diagram represents his surname.
The 42 movements represent the author’s age when he designed the pattern.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Moon-Moo Tul (61 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Moon Moo honors the 30th king of the Silla Dynasty. His body was buried
near Dae Wang Am (Great King’s Rock). According to his will, the body was
placed in the sea “Where my soul shall forever defend my land against the
Japanese”. It is said that the Sok Gul Am (Stone Cave) was built to guard his
tomb. The Sok Gul Am is a fine example of the culture of the Silla Dynasty. The
61 movements in this pattern symbolize the last two figures of 6612 AS when
Moon Moo came to the throne.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">So-San Tul (72 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">So San is the pseudonym of the great monk Choi Hyong Ung (1520 – 1604)
during the Lae Dynasty. The 72 movements refer to his age when he organized a
corps of monk soldiers with the assistance of his pupil Sa Myung Dang. The monk
soldiers helped repulse the Japanese pirates who overran most of the Korean peninsula
in 1592.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Se Jong Tul (24 Movements)</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Se-Jong is named after the greatest Korean King, Se-Jong, who invented
the Korean alphabets in 1443, and was also a noted meteorologist. The diagram
represents the king, while the 24 movements refer to the 24 letters of the
Korean alphabet.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Tong Il Tul</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Tong Il denotes the resolution of the unification of Korea which has
been divided since 1945. The diagram symbolizes the homogenous race</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 36.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chapter</span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 48.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> 5</span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Taekwondo Vital Points</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Vital
Points</span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 142%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 64.96%;" width="64%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Taekwondo Vital Points" border="0" height="195" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image119.jpg" width="166" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 35.04%;" width="35%"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The vital points of the body are listed below. A vital point is a part
of the body that, when attacked in the right way (force, angle, accuracy), can
cause paralysis, unconsciousness or even death. Attacks to nerves can lead to
nausea, headaches or worse.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This information should only be used to increase your knowledge of the
body and of Taekwondo, it is not meant to be used without the supervision of a
qualified instructor.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The impact on vital points is indicated by numbers as followed:</span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Moderate
pain</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Sharp
pain</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Severe
pain</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Unconsciousness
or temporary paralysis</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo7; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fatal</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The body has about 280 vital points so this list is far from complete.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The front of the head</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/head-front.gif" border="0" height="182" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image121.jpg" width="408" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: -7.45pt; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">S/No.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Description</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -1.1pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Result
of light impact</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Result of full-power attack</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Top of
head</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Forehead</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Temple</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Cheekbone</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Neck
artery</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Cervical
trachea</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Glabella</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Intraocular
pressure</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Eyeball</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2/3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4/5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Philtrum</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">½</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3/4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">11</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Jaw</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">12</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chin</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 36.15pt;" width="48">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">13</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 97.9pt;" width="131">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Adam’s
apple</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 156.7pt;" width="209">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The front of the body:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/body-front.gif" border="0" height="420" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image122.gif" width="308" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">S/No.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Description</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Result
of light impact</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Result
of full-power attack</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Center
of the thorax</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Lower
end of sternum</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Solar
plexus</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Center
of abdomen</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Inner
thigh</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Center
of instep</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Brest</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Thorax
flank</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Flank
pit of waist</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Groin</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">11</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Upper
knee-edge</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.8pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">12</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Shin</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 121.35pt;" width="162">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 143.4pt;" width="191">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The back of the body:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/body-back.gif" border="0" height="438" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image123.gif" width="314" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 635px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">S/No.</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Description</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Result
of light impact</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Result
of full-power attack</span></b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Back of
the neck</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">(several
parts of) backbone</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Outside
of upper arm</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Outer
wrist</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hip
nerve</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Achilles
heel</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Kidneys</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Elbow
(just below)</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Coccyx</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4/5</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Pit of
thumb and first-finger</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 146.85pt;" width="196">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">4</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 37.7pt;" width="50">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">11</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 160.9pt;" width="215">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Knee
pit</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 123.65pt;" width="165">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Tae
Kwon Do Competition and Ranks</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Competition
and Ranks</span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
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<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 50.0%;" width="50%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Tae Kwon Do Competition and Ranks" border="0" height="208" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image125.jpg" width="264" /></span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Taekwondo Belts</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
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<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 50.0%;" width="50%"><br /></td>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo ranks are separated into “junior” and “senior” or “student”
and “instructor” sections. The junior section typically consists of ten ranks
indicated by the Korean word geup (also Romanized as gup or kup). The junior
ranks are usually identified by belts of various colors, depending on the school,
so these ranks are sometimes called “color belts”. Students begin at tenth geup
(usually indicated by a white belt) and advance toward first geup.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The senior section typically includes nine or ten ranks indicated by the
Korean word dan also referred to as “black belts” and “degrees” (as in “third
dan” or “third-degree black belt”). Black belts begin at first degree and
advance to second, third, and so on.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The degree is often indicated on the belt itself with stripes, Roman
numerals, or other methods; but sometimes black belts are plain and unadorned
regardless of rank.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To advance from one rank to the next, students typically go through
promotion tests in which they demonstrate their proficiency in the various
aspects of the art before a panel of judges.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Promotion tests will vary from school to school, but may include such
elements as the execution of patterns, which combine various techniques in
specific sequences; the breaking of boards, to demonstrate the ability to use
techniques with both power and control; sparring and self-defense, to
demonstrate the practical application and control of techniques; and answering
questions on terminology, concepts, history, and the like, to demonstrate
knowledge and understanding of the art.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Olympics-Day.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Olympics-Day-300x200.jpg" border="0" height="202" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image127.jpg" width="265" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WTF_Taekwondo_1.jpg"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="WTF Taekwondo 1.jpg" border="0" height="236" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image128.jpg" width="193" /></span></a></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 9.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Olympic sparring
match<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Students are sometimes required to take a written test or to submit a
research paper in addition to taking the practical test (especially for higher
ranks). Promotion from one geup to the next can proceed fairly rapidly, since
schools often allow geup promotions every two, three, or four months. Students
of geup rank learn the most basic techniques first, then move on to more
advanced techniques as they approach first dan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In contrast, promotion from one dan to the next can take years. The
general rule is that a black belt may advance from one rank to the next only after
the number of years equivalent to the rank. For example, a newly-promoted
third-degree black belt may not be allowed to promote to fourth-degree until
three years have passed. Some organizations also have age requirements related
to dan promotions. Dan ranks usually have titles associated with them, such as
“master” and “instructor”. However, these titles and their associations with
specific ranks vary among schools and organizations.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The two main Taekwondo organizations have their own rules and standards
when it comes to ranks and the titles that go with them; for details, see
Kukkiwon and International Taekwondo Federation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-width: 0%; mso-no-proof: yes; padding: 0in;"><img border="0" height="130" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image130.jpg" width="206" /><img border="0" height="127" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image132.jpg" width="172" /></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><img border="0" height="132" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image134.jpg" width="187" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tae-Kwon-Do Woman in air<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tae-kwon-do Kid in air<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tae- kwon- do Kids</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Competition: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo competition typically involves sparring, breaking, patterns,
and/or self-defense (hosinsul). However, in Olympic taekwondo competition, only
sparring is contested; and in Olympic sparring the WTF competition rules are
used.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Under WTF and Olympic rules, sparring takes place between two
competitors in an area measuring 10 meters square. Each match or bout consists
of three non-stop rounds of contact with rest between rounds. Colored belts
fight in 1-minute rounds with a 30-second break, while black belts fight in
2-minute rounds with 1-minute breaks. Points are awarded for permitted,
accurate, and powerful techniques to the legal scoring areas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A kick or punch that makes full force contact with the opponent’s hogu
(a trunk cover that functions as a scoring target) scores one point; a hard
kick to the head scores two points. Punches to the head are not allowed. If a
competitor is knocked down by a scoring technique and the referee counts, then
an additional point is awarded to the opponent. Soft contact to the body and
head does not score any points.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Match1.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Match1-222x300.jpg" border="0" height="230" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image136.jpg" width="170" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-width: 0%; mso-no-proof: yes; padding: 0in;"><img border="0" height="187" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image138.jpg" width="187" /></span><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><img border="0" height="241" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image140.jpg" width="207" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: black; border: none black 1.0pt; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 0pt; layout-grid-mode: line; mso-border-alt: none black 0in; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-width: 0%; padding: 0in;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">At the end of three rounds, the competitor with the most points wins the
match. If, during the match, one competitor gains a 7-point lead over the other
or if one competitor reaches a total of 12 points, then that competitor is
immediately declared the winner and the match ends. In the event of a tie at
the end of three rounds, a fourth “sudden death” overtime round will be held to
determine the winner, after a 1-minute rest period.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The ITF sparring rules are similar, but differ from the WTF rules in
several respects. For example, hand attacks to the head are allowed; flying
techniques score higher than grounded techniques; the competition area is
slightly smaller (9 meters square instead of 10 meters); and competitors do not
wear the hogu used in Olympic-style sparring (although they are required to
wear approved foot and hand protection equipment).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo
competition also involves </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparring" title="Sparring"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">sparring</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_(martial_arts)" title="Breaking (martial arts)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">breaking</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyeong" title="Hyeong"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">patterns</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, and self-defence (<i>hosinsul</i>).
In Olympic taekwondo competition, however, only sparring (using WTF competition
rules) is contested. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There may
be two kinds of competition sparring: point, which all strikes are light
contact, and the clock is stopped when a point is scored; and Olympic, where
all strikes are full contact and the clock continues when points are scored. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">World Taekwondo Federation</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Proteccionestkd.JPG"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Proteccionestkd.JPG/220px-Proteccionestkd.JPG" border="0" height="260" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image142.jpg" width="212" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Official WTF trunk protector (hogu),
forearm guards and shin guards</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Under
World Taekwondo Federation and Olympic rules, sparring is a full-contact event
and takes place between two competitors in an area measuring 8 meters square. A
win can occur by points, or if one competitor is unable to continue (knockout)
the other competitor wins. Each match consists of three semi-continuous rounds
of contact, with one minute's rest between rounds. There are two age
categories: 14–17 years and 18 years and older.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Points
are awarded for permitted, accurate, and powerful techniques to the legal
scoring areas; light contact does not score any points. The only techniques
allowed are kicks (delivering a strike using an area of the foot below the
ankle) and punches (delivering a strike using the closed fist). In most competitions,
points are awarded by three corner judges using electronic scoring tallies.
Several A-Class tournaments, however, are now trailing electronic scoring
equipment contained within competitors' body protectors. This limits corner
judges to scoring only attacks to the head. Some believe that the new
electronic scoring system will help to reduce controversy concerning judging
decisions, but this technology is still not universally accepted. Beginning in
2009, a kick or punch that makes contact with the opponent's </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogu" title="Hogu"><i><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">hogu</span></i></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (the body guard that functions
as a scoring target) scores one point; if a kick to the <i>hogu</i> involved a
technique that includes fully turning the attacking competitor's body, so that
the back is fully exposed to the targeted competitor during execution of the
technique (spinning kick), an additional point is awarded; a kick to the head
scores three points; as of October 2010 an additional point is awarded if a
turning kick was used to execute this attack. Punches to the head are not
allowed. As of March 2010, no additional points are awarded for knocking down
an opponent (beyond the normal points awarded for legal strikes).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
referee can give penalties at any time for rule-breaking, such as hitting an
area not recognized as a target, usually the legs or neck. Penalties are
divided into “Kyong-go (warning penalty)” and “Gam-jeom (deduction penalty)”.
Two “Kyong-go” shall be counted as an addition of one (1) point for the
opposing contestant. However, the final odd-numbered “Kyong-go” shall not be
counted in the grand total. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">At the
end of three rounds, the competitor with more points wins the match. In the
event of a tie at the end of three rounds, a fourth "sudden death"
overtime round, sometimes called "Golden Point”, will be held to determine
the winner after a one minute rest period. In this round the first competitor
to score a point wins the match. If there is no score in the additional round
the winner shall be decided by superiority as determined by the refereeing
officials. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Until
2008, if one competitor gained a 7-point lead over the other, or if one
competitor reached a total of 12 points, then that competitor was immediately
declared the winner and the match ended. These rules were abolished by the WTF
at the start of 2009. In October 2010 the WTF reintroduced a point gap rule.
Under the new rule if a competitor has a 12 point lead at the end of the second
round or achieves a 12 point lead at any point in the 3rd round then the match
is over and the athlete in the lead is declared the winner. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Depending
on the type of tournament and club, competitors may also use fist protectors,
foot protectors, instep guards, helmets and mouth guards.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">International Taekwon-Do Federation</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ITF_TaeKwon-Do_Sparring_Gear.JPG"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/28/ITF_TaeKwon-Do_Sparring_Gear.JPG/220px-ITF_TaeKwon-Do_Sparring_Gear.JPG" border="0" height="210" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image144.jpg" width="280" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Common styles of ITF point sparring
equipment</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Taekwon-Do_Federation" title="International Taekwon-Do Federation"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">International Taekwon-Do Federation</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">'s sparring rules are similar to
the WTF's rules, but differ in several aspects.</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hand
and foot attacks to the head are allowed.</span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo#cite_note-itf_information10c-41"><sup><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">[41]</span></sup></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
scoring system is:</span></li>
<ul type="circle">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1
Point for: Punch or kick to the body.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">2
Points for: Any kicks to the head.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level2 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list 1.0in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">3
Points for: Any turning kick to the head.</span></li>
</ul>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo8; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
competition area may vary between 10x10 meters or 10x10 meters in
international championships.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Competitors
do not wear the <i>hogu</i> (although they are required to wear approved foot
and hand protection equipment, as well as optional head guards). This scoring
system varies between individual organisations within the ITF- for example, in
the TAGB, punches to the head or body score 1, kicks to the body score 2 and
kicks to the head score 3</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">A
continuous point system is utilized in ITF competition, where the fighters are
allowed to continue after scoring a technique. Full-force blows are allowed,
and knockouts result in a victory; although these rules vary between ITF
organizations. At the end of two minutes (or some other specified time) the
competitor with more scoring techniques wins.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Fouls in
ITF sparring include heavy contact, attacking a fallen opponent, leg sweeping,
holding/grabbing, intentional attack to a target other than the opponent. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ITF
competitions also feature performances of patterns, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_(martial_arts)" title="Breaking (martial arts)"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">breaking</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, and
'special techniques' (where competitors perform prescribed board breaks at
great heights).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Other organizations</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">American</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur_Athletic_Union" title="Amateur Athletic Union"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Amateur Athletic Union</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (AAU)
competitions are very similar, except that different styles of pads and gear
are allowed. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Apart
from WTF and ITF tournaments, major taekwondo competitions (all featuring WTF
taekwondo only) include:</span></div>
<ul type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Taekwondo at the Summer Olympics"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Olympic Games</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universiade" title="Universiade"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Universiade</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Games" title="Asian Games"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Asian Games</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_East_Asian_Games" title="South East Asian Games"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">South East Asian Games</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo9; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Asian_Games" title="South Asian Games"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">South Asian Games</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">WTF
taekwondo features in every multi-sport games except the Small Island Games. It
was accepted as a Commonwealth Games sport in June 2010.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Safety</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Although
taekwondo competitors have an apparently substantial risk of injury, most
injuries are minor. A 2009 </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-analysis" title="Meta-analysis"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">meta-analysis</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> reported that an average of
about 8% of competitors is injured per exposure to competition. Age, gender,
and level of play did not significantly affect the injury rate. The </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_limb" title="Lower limb"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">legs</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> are the most common location for
injuries, and </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruising" title="Bruising"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">bruising</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> is the most common injury type.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Injuries
may occur if students are taught to block punches in a formal manner (chamber
position, perfect angles, etc.) even when sparring. When comparing the speed of
a punch and the reaction time and time taken to block effectively, it is
difficult to block a punch. Many taekwondo schools teach students blocking for
grading and class work and dodging or parrying for sparring.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Korean commands</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In
taekwondo, </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean language</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> commands are often used. </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_numerals" title="Korean numerals"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean numerals</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> may be
used as prompts or commands. Often, students count in Korean during their
class, and during tests they are usually asked what certain Korean words used
in class mean. These words are fairly common amongst taekwondo schools, but
accuracy of pronunciation can vary greatly.</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Romanization</span></b></a></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangeul" title="Hangeul"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hangeul</span></b></a></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja"><b><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hanja</span></b></a></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">English</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Cha
ryeot</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">차렷</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Attention</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Gyeong
rae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">경례</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%AC" title="wikt:敬"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">敬</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A6%AE" title="wikt:禮"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">禮</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowing" title="Bowing"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Bow</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ba ro</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">바로</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Return</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Shi eo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">쉬어</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">At ease
(relax)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hyu
shik</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">휴식</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91" title="wikt:休"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">休</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%81%AF" title="wikt:息"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">息</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Rest
period (break)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ki hap</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">기합</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3" title="wikt:氣"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">氣</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%88" title="wikt:合"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">合</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiai" title="Kiai"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Yell</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
(shout)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Jun bi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">준비</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BA%96" title="wikt:準"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">準</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%82%99" title="wikt:備"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">備</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ready</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Shi Jak</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">시작</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A7%8B" title="wikt:始"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">始</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C" title="wikt:作"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">作</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Begin
(start)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Gal lyeo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">갈려</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Break
(separate)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Gye sok</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">계속</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B9%BC" title="wikt:繼"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">繼</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BA%8C" title="wikt:續"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">續</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Continue</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Geu man</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">그만</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Finish
(stop)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dwiro
do-ra</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">뒤로</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">돌아</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">About
face (180 degrees)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hae san</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">해산</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3" title="wikt:解"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">解</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%A3" title="wikt:散"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Shruti; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">散</span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dismiss</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 36.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Chapter</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 48.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">6</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Tae Kwon Do Five Tenets</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Five
Tenets </span></b></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 141%px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 64.56%;" width="64%">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Tae Kwon Do Five Tenets" border="0" height="274" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image146.jpg" width="199" /><img border="0" height="274" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image148.jpg" width="262" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in; width: 35.44%;" width="35%"><br /></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The tenets of Tae Kwon-Do should serve as a guide for all students of
the art.</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Courtesy: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Tae Kwon-Do students should attempt to practice the following elements
of etiquette:</span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To
promote the spirit of mutual concessions.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To
be ashamed of one’s vice contempting that of other’s</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To
be polite to one another</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To
encourage the sense of justice</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To
distinguish the Instructor from student and senior from junior</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Integrity:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In Tae Kwon-Do, the word integrity assumes a looser definition than the
one usually presented in Weber’s dictionary. One must be able to define right
from wrong, and have the conscience, if wrong, to feel guilt. Listed are some
examples where integrity is lacking.</span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Instructor who misrepresents him/herself and his art by presenting
improper techniques to his students because of lack of knowledge or
apathy.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
student who misrepresents him/herself by “fixing” breaking materials
before demonstrations.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
instructor who camouflages bad techniques with luxurious training halls
and false flattery to his students.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
student who requests rank from an Instructor, or attempts to purchase it.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
student who gains rank for ego purposes or the feeling of power.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo11; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Instructor that teaches and promotes his art solely for materialistic
gains.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Perseverance:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There is an old Oriental saying “Patience leads to virtue or merit. One
can make a peaceful home by being patient for 100 times”. Certainly happiness
and prosperity are most likely brought to the patient person. To achieve
something, whether it is a higher degree or the perfection of a technique, one
must set his goal then constantly persevere. Robert Bruce learned his lesson of
perseverance and tenacity that finally enabled him to free Scotland in the
fourteenth century. One of the most important secrets in becoming a leader of
Tae Kwon-Do is to overcome every difficulty by perseverance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Self Control:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This tenet is extremely important inside the Do-Jang, whether conducting
oneself in free sparring or in one’s personal affairs. A loss of self control
in free sparring can prove disastrous to both student and opponent. An
inability to live and work within one’s capability or sphere is also a lack of
self control.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Indomitable Spirit:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Here lie 300 who did their duty”, a simple epitaph for one of the
greatest acts of courage known to mankind. Although facing the superior forces
of Xerxes, Leonidas and his 300 Spartans at Thermopia showed the world the
meaning of Indomitable Spirit. It is shown when a courageous person and his
principles are pitted against overwhelming odds. A serious student of Tae
Kwon-Do will at all times deal with the belingerent without any fear or
hesitation at all, and with Indomitable Spirit, regardless of whosoever and
however many the number be.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">The
Theory of Power</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Theory of
Power </span></b></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mathematical application of Taekwondo</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The beginning student may ask; where does one obtain the power to create
the devastating results attributed to Taekwon-Do?</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">
</span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This power is attributed to the utilization of a person`s full potential
through the mathematical application of Taekwon-Do techniques. The average
person uses only 10 to 20 percent of his potential. Anyone, regardless of size,
age, or sex who can condition himself to use 100 percent of his potential can
also perform the same destructive techniques.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Though training will certainly result in a superb level of physical
fitness, it will not necessarily result in the acquisition of extraordinary
stamina or superhuman strength. More important, Taekwon-Do training will result
in obtaining a high level of reaction force, concentration, equilibrium, breath
control and speed; these are the factors that will result in a high degree of
physical power.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Reaction Force (Bandong Ryok): </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">According to Newton`s Third
Law of motion or Newton`s Law of Action and Reaction, stated in every object
there is an equal and opposite force. When an automobile crashes into a loaded
vehicle on opposite direction with the force of 1,000 pounds, the loaded
vehicle will return a force of 1,000 pounds.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Or forcing the end of the seesaw down with a ton of weight will provide
an upward force of the same weight; if your opponent is rushing towards you at
a high speed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">By the slightest blow at his head, the force with which you strike his
head would be that of his own onslaught plus that of your blow.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Double-Hight-Kick.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Double-Hight-Kick-300x201.jpg" border="0" height="198" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image153.jpg" width="297" /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The two forces combined; his, which is large, and yours, which is small
is quite impressive. Another reaction force is your own. A punch with the right
fist is aided by pulling back the left fist to the hip.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Concentration (Jip Joong): </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">By applying the impact
force onto the smallest target area, it will concentrate the force and
therefore, increase its effect. For example, the force of water coming out of a
water hose is greater if the orifice is smaller. Conversely, the weight of a
man spread out on snow shoes makes hardly any impression on the snow.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The blows in Taekwon-Do are often concentrated onto the edge of the open
palm or to the crook of the fingers. It is very important that you should not
unleash all your strength at the beginning but gradually, and particularly at
the point of contact with your opponent`s body, the force must be so
concentrated as to give a knock-out blow. That is to say, the shorter the time
for the concentration, the greater will be the power of the blow. The utmost
concentration is required in order to mobilize every muscle of the body onto the
smallest target area simultaneously.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In conclusion, concentration is done in two ways: one is to concentrate
every muscle of the body, particularly the bigger muscles around the hip and
abdomen (which theoretically are slower than the smaller muscles of other parts
of the body) towards the appropriate tool to be used at the proper time; the
second way is to concentrate such mobilized muscles onto the opponent`s vital
spot. This is the reason why the hip and abdomen are jerked slightly before the
hands and feet in any action, whether it is attack or defense. Remember,
jerking can be executed in two ways: laterally and vertically.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Equilibrium (Kyun Hyung): </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Balance is of utmost
importance in any type of athletics. In Taekwon-Do, it deserves special
consideration. By keeping the body always in equilibrium, that is, well
balanced, a blow is more effective and deadly. Conversely, the unbalanced one
is easily toppled.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Down.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Down-200x300.jpg" border="0" height="267" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image155.jpg" width="202" /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The stance should always be stable yet flexible, for both offensive and
defensive movements. Equilibrium is classified into both dynamic and static
stability. They are so closely inter-related that the maximum force can only be
produced when the static stability is maintained through dynamic stability.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To maintain good equilibrium, the center of gravity of the stance must
fall on a straight line midway between both legs when the body weight is
distributed equally on both legs or in the center of the foot if it is necessary
to concentrate the bulk of body weight on one foot.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The center of gravity can be adjusted according to body weight.
Flexibility and knee spring are also important in maintaining balance for both
a quick attack and instant recovery. One additional point; the heel of the rear
foot should never be off the ground at the point of impact. This is not only
necessary for good balance but also to produce maximum power at the point of
impact.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Breath Control (Hohup Jojul): </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Controlled breathing not
only affects one`s stamina and speed but can also condition a body to receive a
blow and augment the power of a blow directed against an opponent. Through
practice, breath stopped in the state of exhaling at the critical moment when a
blow is landed against a pressure point on the body can prevent a loss of
consciousness and stifle pain. A sharp exhaling of breath at the moment of
impact and stopping the breath during the execution of a movement tense the
abdomen to concentrate maximum effort on the delivery of the motion, while a
slow inhaling helps the preparation of the next movement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">An important rule to remember is never to inhale while focusing a block
or blow against an opponent. Not only will this impede movement but it will
also result in a loss of power. Students should also practice disguised
breathing to conceal any outward signs of fatigue. An experienced fighter will
certainly press an attack when he realizes his opponent is on the point of
exhaustion. One breath is required for one movement with the exception of a
continuous motion.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Mass (Zilyang): </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The maximum kinetic energy or force is
obtained from maximum body weight and speed and it is all important that the
body weight be increased during the execution of a blow. No doubt the maximum
body weight is applied with the motion of turning the hip. The large abdominal
muscles are twisted to provide additional body momentum. Thus the hip rotates
in the same direction as that of the attacking or blocking tool.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Another way of increasing body weight is the utilization of a springing
action of the knee joint. This is achieved by slightly raising the hip at the
beginning of the motion and lowering the hip at the moment of impact to drop
the body weight into the motion. In summarizing, it is necessary to point out
that the principles of force outlined here hold just as true today in our
modern scientific and nuclear age as they did centuries ago. I am sure that
when you go through this art, both in theory and in practice, you will find
that the scientific basis of the motions and the real power which comes out a
small human body cannot fail to impress you.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Speed (Sokdo): </span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Speed is the most essential factor of force
or power. Scientifically, force equals mass multiplied by acceleration (F = MA)
or (P = MV<sup>2</sup>). According to the theory of kinetic energy, every
object increases its weight as well as speed in a downward movement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This very principle is applied to this particular art of self-defense.
For this reason, at the moment of impact, the position of the hand normally
becomes lower than the shoulder and the foot lower than the hip while the body
is in the air. Reaction force, breath, control, equilibrium, concentration, and
relaxation of the muscles cannot be ignored. However, these are the factors
that contribute to the speed and all these factors, together with flexible and
rhythmic movements, must be well coordinated to produce the maximum power in
Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 36.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chapter</span><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 48.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">7</span><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<h1 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt;">Korean Terminology
for TaeKwonDo</span></h1>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Counting"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Counting;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Korean Counting</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Counting;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Counting;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB"><img border="0" height="202" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image157.jpg" width="271" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">There are two different numbering systems
that are used by Koreans. The first numbering system is used when counting, or
when only speaking of the numbers themselves. The first ten numbers in this
system are as follows: </span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hanah</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dool</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Set</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Net</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dasot</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yasot</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ilgop</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yadol</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ahop</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yool</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif";">The stress in
"<i>hanah</i>", "<i>dasot</i>", and "<i>yasot</i>"
is on the first syllable, in "<i>ilgop</i>", "<i>yadol</i>",
and "<i>ahop</i>" on the second. In counting cadence in TaeKwonDo,
this is so emphasized that the other syllable frequently almost disappears
(e.g., "<i>han</i>", "<i>das</i>", "<i>yos</i>",
"<i>lgop</i>", "<i>hop</i>", etc.). </span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif";">The other
numbering system (which is of Chinese origin) is used in most other cases and
is often used where Americans would use ordinal numbers (such as
"first", "second", etc ...). For example, this second
numbering system is used when describing a person's rank: a first degree black
belt would be an "<i>il dan</i>". The first ten numbers in this
numbering system are as follows: </span><br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Il</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ee</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sahm</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sah</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Oh</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ryook</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chil</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pal</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Koo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ship</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif";">The final `l' in
"<i>chil</i>" and "<i>pal</i>" isn't rounded, like an
American `l’.... It's a much shorter sound, sort of like the initial `l' in
"let", but even shorter. It's not like the `l' in "ball". </span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif";">When pronouncing
the word "<i>ship</i>", you <strong><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif";">must
not</span></strong> emphasize the "sh" sound. It's almost more like
"<i>sip</i>" with a sort of a lisp. If you pronounce it like
"sh" in "shell", then you are referring to sexual
intercourse. </span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif";">Even though this
second numbering system may correspond to ordinal numbers in English in some
cases, these are not ordinal numbers. Koreans use a separate set of words for
ordinal numbers. </span><br />
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="BodyParts"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: BodyParts;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Basic Body Parts</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: BodyParts;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: BodyParts;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 10.1pt; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mom</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Body</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kwanjeol</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Joint</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ulgool</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">face & head</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">muh ree</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Head</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Noon</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Eye</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gui</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ear</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ko</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Nose</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">in joong</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Philtrum</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Eep</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mouth</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tuhk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Chin</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mokoomeong</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Throat</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mok</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Neck</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ouka</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shoulder</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">myung chi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">solar plexus</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pahl</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Arm</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pahlkup</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Elbow</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pahlmahk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Forearm</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahn pahlmahk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">inner side of forearm</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahkat pahlmahk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">outer side of forearm</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">meet pahlmahk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">palm side of forearm</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">wi pahlmahk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">back side of forearm</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">deung pahlmahk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">back of forearm</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnmahk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Wrist</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sahn</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hand</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnkal</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">outside edge of hand (knifehand)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnkal deung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">inside edge of hand (ridgehand)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahn deung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">back hand</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">joomok</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fist</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnkahrak</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Finger</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnkeut</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fingertip</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">momtong</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">trunk (middle section)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 31;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Huri</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Waist</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahrae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">lower body (low section)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 33;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">noolro</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Groin</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 34;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dahree</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Leg</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 35;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mooreup</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Knee</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 36;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahp jung kang yi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Shin</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 37;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahl mahk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ankle</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 38;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Bahl</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">foot (or feet)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 39;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahldung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Instep</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 40;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahlbong oh ri</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">arch of foot</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 41;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahl nahl</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">outside edge of foot</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 42;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">an bahl nahl</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">inside edge of foot</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 43;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahl badak</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sole of foot</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 44;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahp chook</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ball of foot</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 45;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dwi koomchi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">heel</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 46;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dwi chook</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bottom of heel</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 47; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 146.6pt;" width="195">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahlkeut</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 26.85pt;" width="36">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">toes</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Tenets"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Tenets;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Tenets of TaeKwonDo</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Tenets;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Tenets;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ye ui</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Courtesy</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yom chi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Integrity</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">in nae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Perseverance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kuk gi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">self-control (also "<i>jah jeh</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">baekjool</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">indomitable spirit (also "<i>boolgool
eui jung shin</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Body"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Body;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Body Movements</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Body;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Body;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mom omgigi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">movement of the body</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">thrust (or punch)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chigi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">strike (with the hand)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jeek gi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">strike (with the foot)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahk gi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">strike (with the head)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahn ki sool</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hand technique</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahl ki sool</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">foot technique</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kyorugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Sparring</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bituro</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Twisting</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gamya</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">stepping (also "<i>omkyuh didigi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kuht neun</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Walking</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Uro</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">moving in a particular direction (e.g.
"<i>ahp uro gamya</i>" - stepping forward)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bang hyang bakoogi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">changing direction</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bitkyuh surgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Escaping</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tdwim yu</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Jumping</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dora</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">to turn</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dolmyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spinning</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mee keul myu</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sliding (also "<i>mee kul gi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jupgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">holding/grabbing</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">donzigi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Throwing</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">goorugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">rolling/tumbling</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pyihagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dodging</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hecho</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Spreading</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">moyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gathering</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bojoo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Covering</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Directions"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Directions;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Directions</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Directions;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Directions;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">oo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">right (also "<i>oh-ruen</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">joa</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">left (also "<i>wen</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahp</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Front</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahn</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Inner</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahkat</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Outer</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahndae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Reverse</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dwi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Back</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnuro</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Inward</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahkuro</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Outward</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">whee</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">high (up)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">whee uro</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Upward</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">guande</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Middle</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ulgool</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">high section (also "<i>sahngdahn</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">momtong</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">middle section (also "<i>chungdahn</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahrae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">low section (also "<i>hahdahn</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Rank"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Rank;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Rank</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Rank;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Rank;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kagup</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Rank</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gup</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Grade</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dan</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Degree</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">simsa</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">grading (or promotional) test</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">simsa kwan</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Examiner</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dan gup jedo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">system of rank</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Hand"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hand Positions</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnkal</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">knifehand</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnkal
jecho</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">knifehand
with palm up</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnkal
deung</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ridgehand
(also "<i>oppun sahnkal</i>")</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahn
bahtong</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">palm
heel (also "<i>bahtong sahn</i>")</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahn
deung</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">back
hand (also "<i>deung sahn</i>")</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ah
keum sahn</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">arc
hand</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">galkwi
sahn</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ripping
(or raking) hand</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jipke
sahn</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pincers
hand</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">joomok</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Fist</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">deung
joomuk</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">back
fist</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yup
joomuk</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">side
fist</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">me
joomuk</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hammer-fist</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">inju
joomuk</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">forefinger
one-knuckle fist</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bamchu
joomuk</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">middle-finger
one-knuckle fist</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">doo
bam joomuk</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">two-knuckle
fist</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pyun
joomuk</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">flat
(or open) fist</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">omji
joomuk</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">thumb-knuckle
fist</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kwan
soo</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">spearhand
(also "<i>pyun sahnkeut</i>")</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnkeut</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">spearfinger</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gawi
sahnkeut</span></i></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">scissors-shaped
spearfingers</span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span>
<h3>
<span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Hand Attacks</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Hand;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahro chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">straight (return) punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahndae chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">reverse punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gullgi chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hook punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yung seuk chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">combination (consecutive) punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">doo bun chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">double punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sae bun chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">triple punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahnkeut chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">spearfinger thrust</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sewo chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">vertical punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gotjang chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">vertical fist punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dolrya chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">round punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dwijubo chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">upset punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">soteum chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">spring punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nehryuh chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">downward punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chi chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">uppercut punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jae chuh chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">upper punch (also "<i>jae chin
chirugi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">doo joomuk chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">doublefist punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dikootja chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">`U' (or `C') shaped punch (hi-lo)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sosum chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">double uppercut punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">keumgang chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">diamond-shaped punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nalgeh chirugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">wing-shaped punch</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Blocks"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Blocks;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Blocks</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Blocks;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Blocks;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahkat palmahk mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">outer forearm block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahn palmahk mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">inner forearm block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahng palmahk mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">twin forearm block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnuro mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">inward block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahkuro mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">outward block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahrae mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">low block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">cho kyo mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">rising block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">daebi mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">guarding block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bituro mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">twisting block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gahwi mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">scissors block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">keumgang mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">diamond-shaped (Hercules) block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gutjha mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">`9'-shaped block (cross block)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yeot pero mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">`X'-shaped block (also "<i>kyo cha
mahki</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">santeul mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mountain-shaped block (also "<i>osanteul
mahki</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">weh santeul mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">part mountain-shaped block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">utgallruyuh mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Cr oss block (also "<i>utgiruh mahki</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hechuh mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">scattered block (or wedge block)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hwang so mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ox (or "bull") block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahtangsahn nooluh mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pressing down block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">deuluh oll ryu mahki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">upward scooping fist block</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Kicks"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Kicks;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Kicks</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Kicks;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Kicks;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">cha olligi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">stretching kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jillo chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">thrusting kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahp chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">front kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yup chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">side kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dolrya chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">round (roundhouse) kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dwi chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">back kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahndae dolrya chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">reverse round kick ("hook kick"
for some styles)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dwi dolrya chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">back round kick ("hook kick" for
some styles)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gullgi chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hook kick (also "<i>golcho chagi</i>"
or "<i>golro chagi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahndall chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">crescent kick (literally "half moon
kick")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hoohrio chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">wheel kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">beet chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">slant (or instep) kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahn dolrya chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">half round kick (also "instep
kick")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">beakya chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">slap kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nehryuh jeek gi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ax kick; literally "downward foot
strike"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hwe jun chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">swing kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mil a chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pushing kick (also "<i>mil gi chagi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gokwang i chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pickax kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pyojuk chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">target kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dolmyo chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">spinning kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tdwim yah chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jumping kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yung seuk chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">combination (consecutive) kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">meekulmyu chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sliding kick (also "<i>mikulgi chagi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">goollruh chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">rolling kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">natgeh tdwim yu chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hopping kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nalla chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">flying kick (also "<i>goong jung
chagi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gahwi chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">scissors kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">illja chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">linear kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">japgo chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">holding (grasp) kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ohpo chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">falling kick (leg sweep)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 30; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nachu oh chagi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">stooping kick</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Stances"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Stances;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Stances</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Stances;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Stances;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jah seh</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">posture (or stance) [used instead of
"<i>sohgi</i>" in some styles]</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnjun sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sitting stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahp sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">front stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahp koo bi sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">front bent knee stance (also just "<i>ahp
koo bi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dwi sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">back stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dwi koo bi sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">back bent knee stance (also just "<i>dwi
koo bi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">beom sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">cat (or tiger) stance (also "<i>goyang-i
sohgi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kuht neun sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">walking stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">juchoom sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">horseback riding stance ("<i>kima
sohgi</i>" in some styles)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mot sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">fighting stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kyorugi sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sparring stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">choon bi sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ready stance (also "<i>pyeonhi sohgi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gibon sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">basic stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">guande sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">middle stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">naranhee sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">parallel stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">niun ja sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">`L'-stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gojang sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">fixed (lower-back) stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sa sun sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">diagonal stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gyuttari sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">fixed balance (or bent knee) stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">koh ah sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">crossed foot stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kyo cha sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">`X'-stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mo ah sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">close stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">joong-rib sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">neutral stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dong yuk sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dynamic stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">cha yun sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">natural stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chagi sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kicking stance</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 27; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hahktari sohgi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">crane stance (also "<i>ue bal sohgi</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Sparring"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Sparring;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Sparring</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Sparring;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Sparring;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kyorugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">(free) sparring</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">han bun kyorugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">one step sparring</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">doo bun kyorugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">two step sparring</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sae bun kyorugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">three step sparring</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahn ja yu kyorugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">semi free sparring</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">machu oh kyorugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">arranged free sparring</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jeon</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">round (competition segment)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">shihap</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bout or match</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jeum</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">point</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">shi gan</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">time out</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">keum bahk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">out of bounds</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kyong go</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">warning</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gam jeum</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">deduction of point</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">shil kyuk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">disqualification</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">boo sang</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">injury</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">seung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Win</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bi kim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tie</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Blue</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hong</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Red</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hin</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">white</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jajun bahl</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">use of footwork to dodge a technique</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nachugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">body evasion by "ducking"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Forms"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Forms;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Forms</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Forms;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Forms;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">poomse</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">form (pronounced "poom-say"),
also "<i>hyung</i>"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">tul</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Patterns</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jang</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">similar to a page or a chapter</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yung seuk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">combination</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sa bang hyang</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">four direction</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Uniform"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Uniform;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Uniform</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Uniform;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Uniform;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dhee</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">belt</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dobok</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">uniform</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ha'i</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">training pants</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Equipment"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Equipment;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Equipment</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Equipment;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Equipment;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hogoo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chest protector (also "<i>bohogoo</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sahn boho jang kap</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">protective gloves</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pahlmahk bohodae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">forearm guard</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jung kang yi bohodae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">shin guard</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">nang shim bohodae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">groin cup</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">muh ree bohodae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">protective head gear</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">eep bohodae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mouth guard</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Commands"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Commands;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Commands</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Commands;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Commands;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">cha ryuht</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">attention</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">choon bi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ready</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bah ro</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">return to starting position</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dwi uro dorah</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">about face</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dorah</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">turn</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">elosoh</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">stand</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gomahn</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">stop (also "<i>mum cho</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">geuk gi hyang ha yoh</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">face the flag</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jwa woo hyang woo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">face each other</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sah bum nim keh</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">face instructor/master</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sun bae nim keh</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">face senior student</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">simsa kwan nim keh</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">face examiner/tester</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dobok dahnjung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">fix your uniform</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dhee dahnjung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">fix your belt</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hai sahn</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">class dismissed (also "<i>hae cho</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jonglee</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">line up (also "<i>ji hap</i>"
and "<i>jung yul</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kyung nae</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bow</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnjoe</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sit</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kool o angi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kneel (kneeling)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bah ro angi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sit in lotus position (yoga posture)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bahl bah kwah</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">switch your stance (switch your feet)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">koo ryung op see</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">in your own time</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">seijak</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">begin</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">shiuh</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">relax</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kalyeo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">break (or stop)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kae sok</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">continue</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Common"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Common;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Common Phrases</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Common;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Common;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ye</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yes (also "<i>ne</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">anio</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">No</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kahm sa hamnida</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">thank you</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">komap sumnida</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">less formal form of "thank you"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">cheon maeneyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">you're welcome (literally "Don't
mention it!")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">cheuk ka hamnida</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">congratulations!</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnyong hasimnika</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">How are you? (literally "Are you
well?" or "Are you at peace?")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnyong hasayo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">less formal form of "How are
you?"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">yoboseyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hello (used on the phone or to get
someone's attention; literally "Please look here!")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnyonghee gasipsiyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">good-bye (to the person who is leaving);
literally "Go in peace!"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnyonghee gyesipsiyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">good-bye (to the person who is staying);
literally "Stay in peace!"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnyonghee gasayo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">less formal form of "good-bye"
(to the person who is leaving)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahnyonghee gyesayo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">less formal form of "good-bye"
(to the person who is staying)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pangap seumnida</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pleased to meet you!</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">toh poepkeseoyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">See you later!</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">eoseo osayo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Welcome!</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">choesong hamnida</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I'm sorry</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mian hamnida</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">less formal form of "I'm sorry!"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">shillye hamnida</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Excuse me! (asking forgiveness for an
impolite act)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kwaen chanayo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">That's all right</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ahlge seoyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I understand</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">moreuge seoyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">I don't understand</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chaemi isseoyo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">It is fun (or interesting)!</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Titles"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Titles;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Titles</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Titles;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Titles;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">do joo nim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">founder (of the art)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kwan jang nim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">grandmaster</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chung sah nim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chief instructor (or "chief
master")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sah bum nim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">instructor (or "master")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sah boo nim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">more intimate and respectful form of
"<i>sah bum nim</i>"; literally "teaching father"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kyo sah nim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">teacher (also "<i>seon saeng nim</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sun bae nim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">senior student</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hu bae nim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">junior student</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hak saeng</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Student</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">suryun saeng</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Trainee</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jeja</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Pupil</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">joo sim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Referee</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bu sim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Judge</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bae sim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Juror</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kae sim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">time keeper</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ki rohk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Recorder</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=9184594066760779563" name="Miscellaneous"></a><a href="http://www.martialartsresource.com/korean/TKD.list.htm#TOC"><span style="mso-bookmark: Miscellaneous;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Miscellaneous</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: Miscellaneous;"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: Miscellaneous;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></h3>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: .5in; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dojang</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">place where one trains (house of
discipline)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">gong-kyok</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">offense</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">hosinsool</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">self-defense</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mukyum</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">meditation</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kihap</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yell</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jung shin yuk</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mental strength, or martial art spirit
(also "<i>moodo jung shin</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jung shin dong il</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">concentration of the mind</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jung shin soo yang</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">development (training) of the mind</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jung do</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">the "right" way (correctness of
action)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">sim shin dahn ryun</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">mind and body discipline</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chung myung kwon</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">development (training) of the body, mind,
and spirit</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chi shik</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">knowledge of mind and thoughts</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">heng dong</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">execution (action) of the body and its
techniques</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pil seung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">certain victory</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">il sok pil sai</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">one strike must kill</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ho hyoop</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">breathing</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">shim ho hyoop</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">breathing control (deep breathing)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">himm</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">force or power</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ki</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">life-energy</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">dahnjun</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">the center of your "<i>ki</i>"</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">bokboo</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">the stomach area where "<i>ki</i>"
is generated.</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">choong sim</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">center of gravity</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">chojum</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">focus (focal point) of your energy</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jeung ga</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">increase (to strengthen or augment)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kyuk pa</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">breaking (the art of breaking boards,
bricks, and tiles)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">shibum</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">demonstration (or exhibition)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">pyugi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Stretching</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">ye jol</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Etiquette</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jon gyung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Respect</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">choong sung</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">loyalty (also "<i>eui ri</i>")</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">jung jhik</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Honesty</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 31; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">kahjok</span></i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">: </span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Family</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 36.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">Chapter</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"> </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 48.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">8</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;"></span></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">The Founder of Taekwondo General Choi Hong Hi</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Founder</span></b><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 0in; mso-padding-alt: 0in 0in 0in 0in; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 100%px;">
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="Founder of Taekwondo General Choi Hong Hi" border="0" height="289" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image159.jpg" width="219" /></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choi Hong Hi (9 November, 1918 – 15 June 2002), widely known as General
Choi, was a South Korean army general and martial artist who is a controversial
figure in the history of the Korean martial art of taekwondo. Choi was widely
credited with starting the spread of taekwondo internationally by stationing
South Korean taekwondo instructors around the world, but was also widely
claimed (through omission or explicitly) to be either an unimportant, or even
dishonorable, figure in taekwondo history. Choi held the rank of 9th dan in the
International Taekwon-Do Federation (his own organization), and 2nd dan in </span><span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/karate-shotokan-ryu/"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Shotokan-ryu
karate</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-General.jpg" border="0" height="261" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image161.jpg" width="225" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choi combined elements of taekyon and karate to develop a modern martial
art that he called “Taekwon-Do”, which means “the way of the feet and the
hands.” This name was given on 11 April 1955. Choi founded the Oh Do Kwan, and
apparently held an honorary 4th dan ranking in the Chung Do Kwan. In 1959, Choi
was named President of the Korea Taekwon-Do Association. Seven years later,
following political troubles, he founded the International Taekwon-Do
Federation (ITF) on 22 March 1966. After retirement from military service, Choi
was South Korea’s first ambassador to Malaysia. Through the last three decades
of the 20th century, Choi promoted the art of taekwondo through his work in the
ITF.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwondo has been affected by political troubles since its beginning as
a distinct martial art. Since the founding of the ITF, Choi and his supporters
have strongly maintained the view that ITF taekwondo is the only authentic
taekwondo style, and that all others are merely imitators. In comparison, the
WTF and many others have omitted any mention of Choi or the ITF from their
historical documents.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Choi-Jung-Hwa.jpg"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Choi-Jung-Hwa.jpg" border="0" height="264" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image163.jpg" width="342" /></span></a></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/hollinger-05t.jpg" border="0" height="267" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image165.jpg" width="193" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Gen.
Choi Hong Hi with his son Grandmaster Choi Jung Hwa</span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choi was a controversial figure in the history of taekwondo. The three
ITF groups and affiliated organisations recognize him as the “Father of
Taekwondo,” while the World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) and affiliated
organisations do not mention him in their historical records.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Some parties have openly denounced him. Controversies aside, Choi did
dedicate much of his life to promoting the art of taekwondo around the world,
as evidenced by his work within the ITF from 1966 until his death on 15 June
2002.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">General Choi Hong Hi was born on November 9<sup> </sup>November, 1918 in
the rugged and harsh area of Hwa Dae, Myong Chun District in what is now D.P.R
of Korea. In his youth, he was frail and quite sickly, a constant source of
worry for his parents.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Even at an early age, however, the future general showed a strong and
independent spirit. At the age of twelve he was expelled from school for
agitating against the Japanese authorities who were in control of Korea. This
was the beginning of what would be a long association with the Kwang Ju
Students Independence Movement.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">After his expulsion, young Choi`s father sent him to study calligraphy
under one of the most famous teachers in Korea, Mr. Han II Dong. Han, in
addition to his skills as a calligrapher, was also a master of Taek Kyon, the
ancient Korean art of foot fighting. The teacher, concerned over the frail
condition of his new student, began teaching him the rigorous exercises of Taek
Kyon to help build up his body.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi_Horse.jpg" border="0" height="291" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image167.jpg" width="213" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1937, Choi was sent to Japan to further his education. Shortly before
leaving, however, the youth had the misfortune to engage in a rather heated
argument with a massive professional wrestler who promised to literally tear
the youth limb from limb at their next encounter. This threat seemed to give a
new impetus to young Choi`s training in the martial arts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In Kyoto, Choi met a fellow Korean, Mr. Him, who was engaged in teaching
the Japanese martial art, Karate. With two years of concentrated training, Choi
attained the rank of first degree black belt. These techniques, together with
Taek Kyon (foot techniques), were the forerunners of modern Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There followed a period of both mental and physical training,
preparatory school, high school, and finally the University in Tokyo. During
this time, training and experimentation in his new fighting techniques were
intensified until, with attainment of his second degree black belt, he began
teaching at a YMCA in Tokyo, Japan.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/callig-01t.jpg" border="0" height="246" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image169.jpg" width="221" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choi recounts a particular experience from this period of time. There
was no lamp-post in the city that he didn’t strike or kick to see if the copper
wires ahead were vibrating in protest.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“I would imagine that these were the techniques I would use to defend
myself against the wrestler, Mr. Hu if he did attempt to carry out his promise
to tear me limb from limb when I eventually returned to Korea.”</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">With the outbreak of World War II, the author was forced to enlist in
the Japanese army through no volition of his own. While at his post in
Pyongyang, North Korea, the author was implicated as the planner of the Korean
Independence Movement and interned at a Japanese prison during his eight month
pretrial examination.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">While in prison, to alleviate the boredom and keep physically fit, Choi
began practicing this art in the solitude of his cell. In a short time, his
cellmate and jailer became students of his. Eventually, the whole prison
courtyard became one gigantic gymnasium.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Army.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Army.jpg" border="0" height="199" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image171.jpg" width="275" /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The liberation in August 1945 spared Choi from an imposed seven year
prison sentence. Following his release, the ex-prisoner journeyed to Seoul
where he organized a student soldier`s party. In January of the following year,
Choi was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the new South Korean army, the
“Launching Pad” for putting Taekwon-Do into a new orbit.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Soon after, he made company commander in Kwang-Ju where the young second
lieutenant lighted the torch of this art by teaching his entire company and was
then promoted to first lieutenant and transferred to Tae Jon in charge of the
Second Infantry Regiment. While at his new post, Choi began spreading the art
not only to Korean soldiers but also to the Americans stationed there. This was
the first introduction to Americans of what would eventually become known as
Taekwon-Do. 1947 was a year of fast promotion. Choi was promoted to captain and
then major. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1948, he was posted to Seoul as the head of logistics and became
Taekwon-Do instructor for the American Military Police School there. In late
1948, Choi became a lieutenant colonel.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="The Life of Choi Hong Hi" border="0" height="251" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image173.jpg" width="183" /><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/grave.jpg" border="0" height="250" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image175.jpg" width="269" /></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1949, Choi was promoted to full colonel and visited the United States
for the first time, attending the Fort Riley Ground General School. While
there, this art was introduced to the American public in 1951, by brigadier
general. During this time, he organized the Ground General School in Pusan as
Assistant Commandant and Chief of the Academic Department. Choi was appointed
as Chief of Staff of the First Corps in 1952 and was responsible for briefing
General MacArthur during the visits to Kang Nung. At the time of armistice,
Choi was in command of the 5th Infantry Division.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The year 1953 was an eventful one for the General, in both his military
career and in the progress of the new martial art. He became the author of the
first authoritative book on military intelligence in Korea. He organized and
activated the crack 29th Infantry Division at Cheju Island, which eventually
became the spearhead of Taekwon-Do in the military and established the Oh Do
Kwan (Gym of My Way) where he succeeded not only in training the cadre
instructors for the entire military but also developing the Taek Kyon and
Karate techniques into a modern system of Taekwon-Do, with the help of Mr. Nam
Tae Hi, his right hand man in 1954.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the latter part of that year, he commanded Chong Do Kwan (Gym of the
Blue Wave), the largest civilian gym in Korea; Choi was also promoted to major
general.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Meeting.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Meeting.jpg" border="0" height="187" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image177.jpg" width="227" /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Technically, 1955 signaled the beginning of Taekwon-Do as a formally
recognized art in Korea. During that year, a special board was formed which
included leading master instructors, historians, and prominent leaders of
society. A number of names for the new martial art were submitted. On the 11th
of April, the board summoned by Gen. Choi, decided on the name of Taekwon-Do
which had been submitted by him. This single unified name of Taekwon-Do
replaced the different and confusing terms; Dang Soo, Gong Soo, Taek Kyon, Kwon
Bup, etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1959, Taekwon-Do spread beyond its national boundaries. The father of
Taekwon-Do and nineteen of his top black belt holders toured the Far East. The
tour was a major success, astounding all spectators with the excellence of the
Taekwon-Do techniques.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/General-Choi-Hong-Hi-Drawing.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/General-Choi-Hong-Hi-Drawing-212x300.jpg" border="0" height="243" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image179.jpg" width="189" /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Many of these black belt holders such as Nam Tae Hi, President of the
Asia Taekwon-Do Federation; Colonel Ko Jae Chun, the 5th Chief of Taekwon-Do
instructors in Vietnam; Colonel Baek Joon Gi, the 2nd Chief instructor in
Vietnam; Brigadier Gen. Woo Jong Lim; Mr. Han Cha Kyo, the Head Instructor in
Singapore and Mr. Cha Soo Young, presently an international instructor in
Washington D.C. eventually went on to spread the art to the world.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In this year, Choi was elevated to two illustrious posts; President of
his newly formed Korea Taekwon-Do Association and deputy commander of the 2nd
Army in Tae Gu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Korean Ambassador to Vietnam, General Choi Duk Shin was instrumental
in helping to promote Taekwon-Do in this nation locked in a death struggle with
the communists. That same year General Choi Hong Hi published his first Korean
text on Taekwon-Do which became the model for the 1965 edition.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the year of 1960, the General attended the Modern Weapons
Familiarization Course in Texas followed by a visit to Jhoon Rhees Karate Club
in San Antonio, where the author convinced the students to use the name
Taekwon-Do instead of Karate. Thus Jhoon Rhee is known as the first Taekwon-Do
instructor in America. This marked the beginning of Taekwon-Do in the United
States of America.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choi returned to Korea as the Director of Intelligence of the Korean
Army. Later that same year, he assumed command of the Combat Armed Command with
direction of the infantry, artillery, armored, signal and aviation schools.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Year 1961, incidentally, was the year of maturation for both Choi`s
military career and Taekwon-Do, with the command of the largest training
centers in Korea and the newly assigned command of the 6th Army Corps.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Taekwon-Do spread like wildfire, not only to the Korean civilian and
military population but to the U.S. soldiers of the 7th Infantry Division which
was under his operational control. Through his students, Taekwon-Do was even
introduced to the greatest military academy in the world. West Point, in the
same year, he also made Taekwon-Do a compulsory subject for the entire armed
and police forces in South Korea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1962, Choi was appointed as Ambassador to Malaysia, where, as a
dedicated missionary of Taekwon-Do, the art was spread. In 1963, the Taekwon-Do
Association of Malaysia was formed and reached national acceptance when the art
was demonstrated at the Merdeka Stadium at the request of the Prime Minister,
Tunku Abdul Rhaman.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The same year, two important milestones took place; the famous
demonstration at the United Nations building in New York, and the introduction
of Taekwon-Do to the Armed Forces of Vietnam under Major Nam Tae Hi, In
February of the following year, a Taekwon-Do Association was formed in
Singapore, and the groundwork was laid for forming associations in the outer
reaches of Brunei.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The same year, Ambassador Choi made a trip to Vietnam with the sole
purpose of teaching the advanced Taekwon-Do patterns that he perfected after
years of research to the instructors group headed by Lt. Col. Park Joon Gi, in
person. This was indeed a new era for Taekwon-Do in that he was able to draw a
clear line between Taekwon-Do and Karate by completely eliminating the
remaining vestige of Karate.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Late this year, he was re-elected to be the President of the Korea
Taekwon-Do Association upon returning home, which gave him a chance to purify
the Taekwon-Do society by cleaning up the political circles within its
organization.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1965 Ambassador Choi, retired two star general, was appointed by the
Government of the Republic of Korea to lead a goodwill mission to West Germany,
Italy, Turkey, United-Arab Republic, Malaysia, and Singapore. This trip is
significant in that the Ambassador, for the first time in Korean history,
declared Taekwon-Do as the national martial art of Korea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Office.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Office.jpg" border="0" height="184" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image181.jpg" width="287" /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This was the basis not only for establishing Taekwon-Do Associations in
these countries but also the formation of the International Taekwon-Do
Federation as it is known today. In 1966, the dream of the sickly young student
of calligraphy, who rose to Ambassador and the Association President of the most
respected martial art in the world came true. On the 22nd of March, the
International Taekwon-Do Federation was formed with associations in Vietnam,
Malaysia, Singapore, West Germany, the United States, Turkey, Italy, Arab
Republic of Egypt and Korea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1967, the father of Taekwon-Do received the first Class Distinguished
Service Medal from the Government of Vietnam and he helped to form the
Korea-Vietnam Taekwon-Do Foundation, presided by Gen. Tran van Dong. That same
year the Hong Kong Taekwon-Do Association was formed. In August, Choi visited
the All American Taekwon-Do tournament held in Chicago, Illinois, where he
discussed expansion, unification, and the policy of the United States
Taekwon-Do Association with leading instructors. This visit led to the formal
establishment of the U.S. Taekwon-Do Association in Washington, D.C. on
November 26th, 1967.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">During his visit, Choi also met with Robert Walson, fourth degree black
belt and one of the foremost American authorities on Taekwon-Do, to lay the
ground work for a new edition of a book on Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In late 1967, the author invited Master Oyama to the I.T.F. Headquarters
in Seoul to continue the discussion they had earlier at Hakone, Japan, whereby
Master Oyama would eventually change his techniques to that of Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In that same year, the President of the I.T.F. selected five instructors
from the Armed Forces for Taiwan, at the request of Generalissimo Chiang
Kai-Shek. This request was channeled through General Chung II Kwon, then the
Prime Minister of South Korea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1968, the author visited France, as the chief delegate of the Korean
Government, to attend the Consul International Sports Military Symposium held
in Paris. Taekwon-Do was a major topic on the agenda. Delegates from 32
countries witnessed demonstrations of Taekwon-Do by a team of experts. That
same year, the United Kingdom Taekwon-Do Association was formed and the author
visited Spain, the Netherlands, Canada, Belgium and India with the hope of
spreading Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">When Choi returned to Korea he was presented with the first Sports
Research Award from South Korea for his dedicated work on behalf of the Korean
martial art.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1969, Choi toured Southeast Asia to personally investigate the
preparations of each country for the First Asian Taekwon-Do Tournament that was
held in September in Hong Kong. Immediately after the tournament, the author
undertook a worldwide tour of twenty-nine countries to visit instructors and
gather photographs for the first edition of his previous book Taekwon-Do</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> -</span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (Copyright 1972)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">August 1970, the author left for a tour of twenty countries throughout
Southeast Asia, Canada, Europe and the Middle East. Choi, of course, held
seminars for international instructors every place he went and helped spread
and weld the International Taekwon-Do Federation into a cohesive force.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In March 1971, Choi attended the Second Asian Taekwon-Do Tournament,
held at Stadium Negara in Malaysia, which was opened with the declaration of
Tun Abdul Rhajak, the Prime Minister, and closed with the presence of their
Majesties.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Also in this year, the author was asked by Gen. Kim Jong Hyun, head of
the Army Martial Art department, to select qualified instructors for the
Republic of Iran Armed Forces.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The world tour of 1972 was quite retrospective in that Choi had an
opportunity to introduce Taekwon-Do to those heads of state of Bolivia,
Dominica, Haiti and Guatemala respectively.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In this year, Choi moved the headquarters of International Taekwon-Do
Federation, with the unanimous consent of member countries, to Toronto, Canada,
envisaging to spread this art eventually to the countries of Eastern Europe,
according to the milestone he set up years before.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">During these travels, the author has been especially interested in
promoting Taekwon-Do among the youth of the world. The President of the
International Taekwon-Do Federation has been instrumental in introducing the
art to numerous universities in Europe, America, the Middle East and the Far
East.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Drawing.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/tae-kwon-do/photos/Choi-Hong-Hi-scho-Drawing.jpg" border="0" height="209" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image183.jpg" width="259" /></span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">During the months of November and December 1973, General Choi and a
specially selected I.T.F. Demonstration Team, consisting of Kong Young II, Park
Jong Soo, Rhee Ki Ha, Pak Sun Jae and Choi Chang Keun, all 7th degree black
belts, toured Europe, the Middle East, Africa and the Far East. A total of 13
countries were visited and new I.T.F. branches established in 5 of these
countries. The tour was an overwhelming success with a total of more than
100,000 people watching the demonstrations in Egypt alone. At each stop,
general Choi and the Demonstration Team were hosted by ranking representatives
of the local governments.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1974 was indeed an exuberant and long remembered year for Choi, because
the founder of Taekwon-Do was not only able to proudly present the superiority
of techniques as well as the competition rules of this art, but also to bring
his dream into reality by holding the first World Taekwon-Do Championships in
Montreal.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In November and December of this year, he led the 4th International
Taekwon-Do Demonstration Team consisting of 10 of the world`s top instructors
to Jamaica, Curacao, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela and Surinam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1975, Taekwon-Do alone had the privilege to demonstrate at the Sydney
opera house for the first time since its opening. General Choi visited Greece
and Sweden to conduct seminars later in this year. In the middle of 1976 he
toured Iran, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Europe to inspect Taekwon-Do activities,
giving seminars at the same time. In November of the same year, Choi went to
Holland to declare the opening of the First European Taekwon-Do Championships
held in Amsterdam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">September 1977, the founder of Taekwon-Do visited Malaysia, New Zealand
and Australia following the Tokyo meeting in which he publicly denounced the
South Korean President Park Jung Hee who had been using Taekwon-Do for his
political ends. Later that year he visited Sweden and Denmark to aid in the
formation of their National Associations of Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In May of 1978, General Choi toured Malaysia, Pakistan, Kenya and South
Africa accompanied by Rhee Ki Ha. In this year he led the 5th International
Taekwon-Do Demonstration Team consisting of Choi Chang Keun, Rhee Ki Ha, Park
Jung Tae and Liong Wai Meng to Sweden, Poland, Hungary and Yugoslavia. In
September of the same year the Second World Taekwon-Do Championships was held
in Oklahoma City, U.S.A.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In June 1979, the All Europe Taekwon-Do Federation was formed in Oslo,
Norway. After this historic event General Choi toured Sweden, Denmark, West
Germany, France and Greenland accompanied by Khang Su Jong and Rhee Ki Ha. In
November of that year he led the 6th International Taekwon-Do demonstration
team consisting of Kim Jong Chan, Choi Chang Keun, Rhee Ki Ha, Park Jung Tae,
Lee Jong Moon, Chung Kwang Duk, Kim Suk Jun and Michael Cormack to Argentina.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The year 1980 was indeed an unforgettable one for the father of
Taekwon-Do, both for himself and the future of his art. He and 15 of his
students, including his son Choi Joong Hwa, made a monumental trip to the
Democratic People`s Republic of Korea. This was the first time Taekwon-Do was
introduced to the people of North Korea, Choi`s birth place. In November of
this same year, the first All Europe Taekwon-Do Championships was held in London
with 18 countries participating.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In January of 1981, Gen. Choi made a visit to Queensland, Australia,
accompanied by Choi Chang Keun, to declare, open the first Pacific Area
Taekwon-Do Championships. At this time he helped to form the South Pacific Taekwon-Do
Federation as well as the Australian Taekwon-Do Federation.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In June of the same year, the author led the 8th International
Taekwon-Do Demonstration Team to Tokyo, Japan. In October, he conducted a
seminar for the founding members of Taekwon-Do in the Democratic People`s
Republic of Korea, and in November he proudly presented the unified Taekwon-Do
demonstration team consisting of North and South Korean instructors to the
historic meeting called North and Overseas Korean Christian Leaders, held in Vienna,
Austria. In August, President Choi visited Argentina to declare the opening of
the Third World Taekwon-Do Championships held in Resistencia, Chaco.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In January 1982 the President of the International Taekwon-Do Federation
formed the North America Taekwon-Do Federation in Toronto, Canada. In this
year, the author was finally able to realize his long anticipated dream (since
1967) when a Taekwon-Do gym opened for the first time in Japan under the
auspices of patriot Chon Jin Shik. It was indeed a very busy year for the
President in that he visited Puerto Rico in July accompanied by Master Park
Jung Tae, to conduct seminars.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">During the months of October and November he toured Greenland, the
United Kingdom, West Germany, Austria, Denmark, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia,
Czechoslovakia and Finland, accompanied by Master Han Sam Soo, Park Jung Taek
and Choi Joong Hwa to promote Taekwon-Do. He also attended the First
Intercontinental Taekwon-Do Championships held in December in Naples, Italy.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In October of the same year Gen. Choi met with Mr. Csandi, the Chairman
of programming committee of I.O.C. in Budapest, Hungary to discuss the
recognition of I.T.F. by the I.O.C. In January 1983, General Choi made a visit
to Colorado, U.S.A accompanied by Master Lee Suk Hi, the President of North
America Taekwon-Do Federation, to grade Charles E. Sereff, the President of the
U.S. Taekwon-Do Federation, for 7th degree.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In February 1983, the author toured Latin America including Argentina,
Columbia, Panama and Honduras to conduct a full scale seminar. During his stay
in Honduras he helped to activate the Central American Taekwon-Do Federation.
During the months of March, April and May he toured Santa Barbara, California,
Europe and the Democratic People`s Republic of Korea to conduct last minute
preparation of the encyclopedia, the last product of his life-long research.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In October and November of the same year, he made a visit to Yugoslavia
and Italy accompanied by Park Jung Taek and Choi Joong Hwa to prepare
photographs to be used for the Encyclopedia. In April 1984, President Choi
declared the opening of the Fourth World Taekwon-Do Championships held in
Glasgow, Scotland. In the same month, he visited Mr. Juan Antonio Samaranch,
President of the International Olympic Committee, in Lausanne accompanied by
Master Rhee Ki Ha, Charles Sereff and Kim Yong Kyu to prove that only the
International Taekwon-Do Federation is the world governing body of true
Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In September the author invited key instructors such as Lee Suk Hi, Rhee
Ki Ha, Park Jung Tae and Choi Joong Hwa to Pyongyang to finalize the
publication of the Encyclopedia. In fact, this was the time when the relocation
of the I.T.F. to Vienna, Austria was seriously discussed.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In October of the same year, the President made an official visit to
Budapest, Hungary to declare the opening of the 3rd All Europe Taekwon-Do
Championships. This indeed was of particular importance as it was the first
large scale international event held in a socialist country as far as the
Taekwon-Do tournament is concerned.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In the following month, General Choi visited New York City along with
masters Lee Suk Hi and Park Jung Tae to declare open the 3rd annual General
Choi`s Cup in North America. In December the 5th I.T.F Congress meeting was
held in Vienna, where it was unanimously decided to relocate the I.T.F. here by
March of the next year. Also at the meeting, President Choi Hong Hi was
re-elected for another term. Mr. Jun Chin Shik, the President of Japan
International Taekwon-Do Federation, Masters Lee Suk Hi and Rhee Ki Ha were
elected as Vice Presidents with master Park Jung Tae as Secretary-General.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Without doubt, 1985 was one of the most significant years for the
founder of Taekwon-Do as he was able to document all of the techniques he had
researched for years by publishing the Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do. He was also
able to establish a strong foundation for the spreading of his art to the
entire world, especially the socialist as well as the Third World countries by
moving the International Taekwon-Do Federation to Vienna, the capital city of
Austria.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In April of this year, President Choi visited Puerto Rico accompanied by
Tran Trien Quan, the President of the Canadian Taekwon-Do Federation, James
Limand Kim Suk Jun to attend the 1st Latin American General Choi`s Cup. In
June, he visited East Berlin to attend the opening ceremony of the 24th I.O.C.
Congress.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In November of the same year, Gen. Choi, accompanied by
Secretary-General Master Park Jung Tae and Tran Trien Quan, visited Norway to honor
the opening of the 1985 Scandinavian Taekwon-Do Championships.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In December, various festivals celebrating the 30th anniversary of
Taekwon-Do was held in Quebec, Canada sponsored by the Taekwon-Do Federation of
Canada were highlighted with the presence of the Father of Taekwon-Do, Gen.
Choi Hong Hi.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In June 1986 the founder took DPRK Taekwon-Do demonstration team to the
People`s Republic of China. This visit eventually became the motivation for the
Chinese people to adopt the Korean martial art, Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1987 was a significant year for General Choi because he showed once
again the indomitable spirit as well as perseverance to the Taekwon-Do world by
declaring the 5th World Championship in May in Athens, Greece, despite
persistent interference of the South Korean dictatorial regime.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In December of the same year, president Choi began to formulate the
Promotion and Popularization Foundation of ITF boosted by the pledge given by
Mr. Chon Yon Shik, the elder brother of senior vice-president Mr. Chon Jin Shik,
in the amount of 100,000,000 Japanese Yen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The year 1988 was culminated by two important events. In May, the
Hungarian government hosted the 6th World Championships in Budapest which was
by far, the largest in scale, finest in technique and also for the first time,
televised via satellite throughout Europe.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In August, the Father of Taekwon-Do was at last able to realize his
ultimate dream of introducing and teaching his art without regard to religion,
race, national or ideological boundaries, by leading the I.T.F. demonstration
team to Moscow, U.S.S.R.</span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 36.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Chapter</span><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 48.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">9</span><span style="font-family: "Old English Text MT"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Shruti; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 24.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">THE
ESTABLISHMENT AND SPREADING OF TAEKWONDO</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">ESTABLISHMENT
AND SPREADING</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">On the 11th of April 1955, the board summoned by Gen. Choi, decided on
the name of Taekwon-Do which had been submitted by him. This single unified
name of Taekwon-Do replaced the different and confusing terms; Dang Soo, Gong
Soo, Taek Kyon, Kwon Bup, etc.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In 1959, Taekwon-Do spread beyond its national boundaries. The father of
Taekwon-Do and nineteen of his top black belt holders toured the Far East. The
tour was a major success, astounding all spectators with the excellence of the
Taekwon-Do techniques. In this year, Choi was elevated to two illustrious
posts; President of his newly formed Korea Taekwon-Do Association and deputy
commander of the 2nd Army in Tae Gu.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1960 Took military course in Texas. While there, he visited Jhoon Rhee’s
Karate Club where he convinced the instructor and students to use the term
Taekwon-Do. Marked beginning of TKD in the U.S. Assigned to command largest ROC
Training Ctr. in Korea and newly assigned 6th Army Corps</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1961 TKD introduced into the curriculum at West Point. Promoted TKD as a
compulsory subject for all S. K. armed and police forces</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1962 Appointed Ambassador to Malaysia, TKD Demonstration at the United
Nations in New York City. TKD grows in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1963 TKD introduced to Vietnam when Gen. Choi demonstrates perfected
forms to instructors. The new forms eliminated the remaining vestiges of Karate
in the Art. Re-elected President of Korea Taekwon-Do Association</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1965 Ambassador Choi, retired two-star general, appointed by Korean
Government to lead a goodwill mission to West Germany, Italy, Turkey, United
Arab Republic, Malaysia, and Singapore and to introduce TKD as the national
martial art of Korea.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">On the 22nd of March 1966, the International Taekwon-Do Federation was
formed with associations in Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, West Germany, the
United States, Turkey, Italy, Arab Republic of Egypt and South Korea. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1967 Received First Class Distinguished Service Medal from Vietnam and
helped form Korea-Vietnam TKD Foundation. Visited Hong Kong and the U. S.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1968 Attended Sports Military Symposium in Paris as Korean delegate.
Also visited Spain, the Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, and India.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1969 Toured Southeast Asia for preparation of First Asian TKD
Tournaments. Toured 29 countries to spread TKD and collect material for his
book</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1970 Toured 20 countries throughout SE Asia, Canada, Europe, and the
Middle East.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1971 Visited Malaysia and selected TKD instructors to be sent to train
Rep. of Iran Armed Forces</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1972 World tour to introduce TKD to heads of states of Bolivia,
Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Guatemala. This year Gen. Choi moved to Canada,
and ITF headquarters also moved to Toronto to facilitate the spread of TKD to
Eastern Europe. He overcame many difficulties to develop Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1973 Led ITF Demonstration Team to Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and
the Far East (more than 100,000 attended in Egypt alone).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1974 First World TKD Championships in Montreal. Led top instructor demo
team to Jamaica, Curacao, Costa Rica, Columbia, Venezuela, and Surinam.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1975 TKD demonstrated at the Sydney Opera House in Australia, Visits
Greece and Sweden to conduct seminars</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1976 Visits Iran, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Europe to conduct seminars.
Visits Holland to open the First European TKD Championships</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1977 Visits Malaysia, New Zealand, Australia, and Sweden, and Denmark to
help form national organizations</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1978 Visits Malaysia, Pakistan, Kenya, and South Africa, Sweden, Poland,
Hungary, Yugoslavia, and the U. S.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1979 Visits Sweden, Denmark, West Germany, France, Greenland, and
Argentina</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1980 First visit to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to
introduce Taekwon-Do to North Korea</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1981 Visits Australia and Japan. Presents a united North and South
Korean Taekwon-Do team in Vienna, Austria</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1982 Taekwon-Do dojang opens in Japan, a monumental point in the
General’s life. Visits Greenland, the United Kingdom, West Germany, Austria,
Denmark, Poland, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Finland, and Italy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1983 Visits Argentina, Columbia, Panama, Honduras, the United States, Yugoslavia,
and Italy</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1984 Visits Scotland, North Korea and Hungary where the first
large-scale TKD competition was held in a socialist country</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1985 Publication of Encyclopedia of Taekwon-Do by General Choi. Visits
Puerto Rico and Norway. 30th Anniversary of the beginning of TKD</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1986 Visits China with the ITF Taekwon-Do delegation. The delegation
made great success to show original Taekwon-Do in the city of Beijing, Xian and
Jinan. The brilliant performance of Taekwon-Do moved Chinese people and created
a sensation of Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1987 Visits Greece with 5th Worlds.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1988 World Championships televised via satellite throughout Europe. TKD
introduced to Russia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1989 Published condensed version of TKD Encyclopedia. Visits China to
help organize national TKD association</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1990 Visits Uzbekistan, Russia, Vietnam, and China</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1991 Lectures at Lenin Central University in Russia. TKD adopted as a
four-year credit course at the University</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1992 Received honorary Doctorate from Lenin Central Univ. Encyclopedia
Britannica references General Choi as the “principal founder of Taekwon-Do</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1993 Visits Moscow and Uzbekistan</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1994 Visits the Ukraine</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1995 Visits Tajikistan and meets with instructors from Tajikistan, Kirghizstan,
Moldova, and Russia</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1996 First Conference of TKD in Toronto</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1997 Visits Russia for Tenth Worlds</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1998 Visits Cambodia to teach TKD courses in Phnom Pen.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1999 Visits China formally set up China I.T.F.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choi Hong Hi continued to promote TKD throughout the world through
seminars, instructor courses and promotions.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Choi Hong Hi passed away on 15 June 2002</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">It is hoped that all instructors will follow his example by devoting
part of their time towards introducing the art into the school systems in their
respective areas.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Merely introducing the art, however, is not enough. The instructor must
also concern himself with imbuing and maintaining a positive influence that
will eventually serve as a guiding light to all students. If and only if, Instructor
will consider himself an apostle of Taekwon-Do.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9184594066760779563.post-1035007739804331672015-07-29T18:08:00.001-07:002015-07-29T18:08:38.808-07:00APPLICATION OF PHYSICS IN TAEKWONDO<!--[if !mso]>
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<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">CHAPTER 1</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.0
Introduction</span></b><span lang="EN" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Taekwondo is much more than just a physical activity. The
teaching of the art of Taekwondo has long been carried out with its entire
culture and philosophy, and this will guide your interactions with others both within
and outside of Taekwondo practice. </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The Taekwondo School is like a large extended family.
Everyone looks</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">out
for everyone else, with senior students exercising the most</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">responsibility. We don’t judge
others, but accept them and help them</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">progress and grow not only in the martial arts, but at
school, work, and</span> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">in
the community. </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language"><span style="color: black; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, <i>tae</i> (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">태</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%B7%86" title="wikt:跆"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">跆</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) means "to strike or break with
foot"; <i>kwon</i> (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">권</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%8B%B3" title="wikt:拳"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">拳</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) means "to strike or break with
fist"; and <i>do</i> (</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">도</span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%81%93" title="wikt:道"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "MS Mincho"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">道</span></a></span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">) means "way",
"method", or "path". Thus, <i>taekwondo</i> may be loosely
translated as "the way of the foot and the hand."</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 63.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The ability of force control </span><span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">to break boards or
bricks for testing, training and martial arts demonstrations</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> with bare hands or feet used to be
associated with special, sometimes regarded as supernatural. The first attempts
made at delivering a scientific biomechanical description of the techniques
performed in martial arts go back to research projects conducted in the 1970s
and 1980s (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b14-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Vos and
Binkhorse, 1966</span></a>; <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b1-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Blum, 1977</span></a>;
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b16-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Walker, 1975</span></a>).
Those studies described kinematic aspects of strikes and analyzed the process
of breaking hard objects with bare hands shown in Fig 1. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The front kick was analyzed in
several aspects (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b7-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hwang, 1987</span></a>),
namely a) hip, knee and ankle muscle torque arrangement, b) sequence of actions
of the dominant muscle group, c) muscle contraction type, and d) range of
movement in regard to the efficient muscle torques applied. It was observed
that in case of the high front kick thigh deceleration takes place as a result
of actions dependent on the initial movement in the lower extremity and not the
braking action as such (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b12-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Sørensen et
al., 1996</span></a>). The roundhouse kick was also analyzed by several
researchers. The mean roundhouse kick execution time was 0.35 and 0.30 seconds
for male and female athletes of the Singapore top taekwon-do athletes (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b2-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Boey and Xie,
2002</span></a>). However, no connection between the shortest trajectory and
peak velocity was found. The mean maximum velocity of this kick is between
12.84–16.26m/s (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b9-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Pieter and
Pieter, 1995</span></a>). Other researchers’ interests concerned the
acceleration of the center of gravity, changes in the angles of body segments
as well as changes in the momentum during execution of the roundhouse kick (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b8-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Lee et al.,
2001</span></a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Description
and analysis of a sports technique in relation to appropriate rules of
biomechanics and with regard to its efficiency comprise the fundamentals of
technical training which is directed at enhancing sport performance. This
problem is of great importance in taekwondo, where a single strike might reveal
the winner. In the Olympic Games, taekwondo has been limited to sports combat
whereas the traditional version of taekwon-do sports competition (World Taekwondo
Federation) comprises four competitive events, i.e. sparring, patterns, power
tests and special techniques (General <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b3-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Choi, 1983</span></a>;
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b4-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">1995</span></a>).</span></div>
<h1 style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-size: 16.0pt;">1.1 Korean Terminology for Taekwondo</span></h1>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 12.0pt; text-align: justify;">
There are two
different numbering systems that are used by Koreans. The first numbering
system is used when counting, or when only speaking of the numbers themselves.
The first ten numbers in this system are as follows; and the other numbering
system (which is of Chinese origin) is used in most other cases and is often
used where Americans would use ordinal numbers (such as "first",
"second", etc ...). For example, this second numbering system is used
when describing a person's rank: a first degree black belt would be an "<i>il
dan</i>". The first ten numbers in this numbering system are as follows: </div>
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<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Hanah<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">1<sup>st</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>:<i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Il</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>2</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dool<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">2<sup>nd</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>: <i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ee</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Set<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">3<sup>rd</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <i>Sahm</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Net<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>4<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <i>Sa</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dasot<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">5<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>: <i>Oh</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yasot<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">6<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <i>Ryook</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">7</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ilgop<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">7<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <i>Chil</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yadol<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>8<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <i>Pal </i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">9</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Ahop<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">9<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <i>Koo</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">10</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">:
</span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt 1.5pt; width: 268.15pt;" width="358">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Yool<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">10<sup>th</sup><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>: <i>Ship</i></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
The stress in "<i>hanah</i>", "<i>dasot</i>",
and "<i>yasot</i>" is on the first syllable, in "<i>ilgop</i>",
"<i>yadol</i>", and "<i>ahop</i>" on the second. In
counting cadence in Taekwondo, this is so emphasized that the other syllable
frequently almost disappears (e.g., "<i>han</i>", "<i>das</i>",
"<i>yos</i>", "<i>lgop</i>", "<i>hop</i>", etc.).
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; tab-stops: center 3.25in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1.2 Korean commands<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In taekwondo, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean language</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> commands
are often used. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_numerals" title="Korean numerals"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Korean numerals</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> may be
used as prompts or commands. Often, students count in Korean during their
class, and during tests they are usually asked what certain Korean words used
in class mean. These words are fairly common amongst taekwondo schools, but
accuracy of pronunciation can vary greatly.</span></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean"><b><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Romanization</span></b></a></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hangeul" title="Hangeul"><b><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hangeul</span></b></a></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja"><b><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hanja</span></b></a></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">English</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Cha ryeot</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">차렷</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Attention</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Gyeong rae</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">경례</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%AC" title="wikt:敬"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">敬</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%A6%AE" title="wikt:禮"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">禮</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowing" title="Bowing"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Bow</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ba ro</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">바로</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Return</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Shi eo</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">쉬어</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">At ease (relax)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hyu shik</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">휴식</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BC%91" title="wikt:休"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">休</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%81%AF" title="wikt:息"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">息</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Rest period (break)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ki hap</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">기합</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%B0%A3" title="wikt:氣"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">氣</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%90%88" title="wikt:合"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">合</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiai" title="Kiai"><span style="color: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Yell</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> (shout)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Jun bi</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">준비</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%BA%96" title="wikt:準"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">準</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%82%99" title="wikt:備"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">備</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Ready</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Shi Jak</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">시작</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%A7%8B" title="wikt:始"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">始</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9C" title="wikt:作"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">作</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Begin (start)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Gal lyeo</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">갈려</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Break (separate)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Gye sok</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">계속</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%B9%BC" title="wikt:繼"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">繼</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E7%BA%8C" title="wikt:續"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">續</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Continue</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Geu man</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">그만</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Finish (stop)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dwiro do-ra</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">뒤로</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">돌아</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103"><br /></td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">About face (180 degrees)</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 113.4pt;" width="151">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Hae san</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 90.65pt;" width="121">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Batang","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti;">해산</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt; width: 77.55pt;" width="103">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%A7%A3" title="wikt:解"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">解</span></a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E6%95%A3" title="wikt:散"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: windowtext; font-family: "MS Mincho"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-hansi-font-family: Shruti; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">散</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
</td>
<td style="padding: .75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Dismiss</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">1.3 Taekwondo
Five Tenets</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The tenets of Tae Kwon-Do
should serve as a guide for all students of the art.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1.4 Courtesy: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">Tae Kwon-Do students should attempt to practice the
following elements of etiquette:</span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To promote the spirit of mutual concessions.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To be ashamed of one’s vice contempting that
of other’s</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To be polite to one another</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To encourage the sense of justice</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">To
distinguish the Instructor from student and senior from junior</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1.5 Integrity:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">In Tae Kwon-Do, the word integrity assumes a looser
definition than the one usually presented in Weber’s dictionary. One must be
able to define right from wrong, and have the conscience, if wrong, to feel
guilt. Listed are some examples where integrity is lacking.</span></div>
<ol start="1" type="1">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The Instructor who misrepresents him/herself
and his art by presenting improper techniques to his students because of
lack of knowledge or apathy.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The student who misrepresents him/herself by
“fixing” breaking materials before demonstrations.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The instructor who camouflages bad techniques
with luxurious training halls and false flattery to his students.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The student who requests rank from an
Instructor, or attempts to purchase it.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The student who gains rank for ego purposes or
the feeling of power.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">The
Instructor that teaches and promotes his art solely for materialistic
gains.</span></li>
</ol>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1.6 Perseverance:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">There is an old Oriental saying “Patience leads to
virtue or merit. One can make a peaceful home by being patient for 100 times”.
Certainly happiness and prosperity are most likely brought to the patient
person. To achieve something, whether it is a higher degree or the perfection
of a technique, one must set his goal then constantly persevere. Robert Bruce
learned his lesson of perseverance and tenacity that finally enabled him to
free Scotland in the fourteenth century. One of the most important secrets in
becoming a leader of Tae Kwon-Do is to overcome every difficulty by
perseverance.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1.7 Self Control:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">This tenet is extremely important inside the
Do-Jang, whether conducting oneself in free sparring or in one’s personal
affairs. A loss of self control in free sparring can prove disastrous to both
student and opponent. An inability to live and work within one’s capability or
sphere is also a lack of self control.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">1.8 Indomitable Spirit:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;">“Here lie 300 who did their duty”, a simple epitaph
for one of the greatest acts of courage known to mankind. Although facing the
superior forces of Xerxes, Leonidas and his 300 Spartans at Thermopia showed
the world the meaning of Indomitable Spirit. It is shown when a courageous
person and his principles are pitted against overwhelming odds. A serious
student of Tae Kwon-Do will at all times deal with the belligerent without any
fear or hesitation at all, and with Indomitable Spirit, regardless of whosoever
and however many the number be.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.9
Aim: </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The aim of this study is to assess the application
of physics in Taekwondo.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%;">1.10
Objectives:</span></b></div>
<ul style="margin-top: 0in;" type="disc">
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To
develop an appreciation for taekwondo as sport and as an art.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To
achieve physical fitness through positive participation</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To
improve mental discipline and emotional equanimity</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To
learn self defense and modern skills</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">To
develop a sense of responsibility for self and others.</span></li>
</ul>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CHAPTER TWO</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.0 Theoretical analysis of physics in Taekwondo</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Martial arts, like any
sport, can be resolved into physics. The principles of Taekwondo, the ancient
Korean art of “kicking and punching”, is a clear example of the ways in which
physics is applicable to biomechanics. The beauty of Taekwondo lies in the fact
that every motion can be explained in physics terms. The principles of
conservation of energy, torque, center of mass, and power are directly
applicable to Taekwondo. Understanding these physics derivations and reasons
can create stronger fighting and more applicably, self defense for a layman.
Techniques in Taekwondo are often performed incorrectly due to laziness which
results in a lack of appropriate force and power. Physics can explain why the
way we are taught by our teachers truly is the best way to perform a technique,
reinforcing the realization that when Taekwondo was first born in the jungles
of Korea, the masters understood the supreme importance of physics.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Firstly, there are some assumptions
that must be made. The mass of an individual is constant. We will also assume
perfect conservation of energy, with little or no energy transferring into heat</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.1
Breaking Bricks</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig. 1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fig. 2</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Breaking_concrete.jpg"><span style="color: windowtext; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e8/Breaking_concrete.jpg/220px-Breaking_concrete.jpg" border="0" height="208" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg" width="263" /></span></a><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></i><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;"><img border="0" height="209" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image004.jpg" width="356" /></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">4 Concretes paving bricks broken with a knife-hand strike. </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
power test involves breaking as many bricks as possible by way of using a
variety of strikes comprising two hand strike techniques and three kicking
techniques, one of which is the side kick. The side kick (in taekwondo
terminology known as <i>yup chagi</i>) is a technique in which athletes tend to
declare the highest number of broken bricks. Thus, it is bound to affect the
final score in each competition.</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
amount of kinetic energy of the hand/forearm when in motion (or the amount of
energy that the hand/forearm can impart to the brick) is proportional to the
square of its velocity; that is why the key ingredient to breaking the brick is
to have the hand/forearm moving at a high velocity.</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 337.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Now we present the quantitative explanation. Let’s denote
the energy needed to break the bricks by <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Eb</i></b>. The calculation makes use of the
conservation of energy and conservation of momentum, and a couple of
simplifying approximations. If we denote the mass of the hand and forearm by m
and the velocity of the hand/forearm just before its impact with the board by
V, then the kinetic energy K of the striking hand/forearm just before impact
is:</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img border="0" height="41" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image006.gif" width="88" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Eq. 1) </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Suppose
the impact has broken the bricks, and we denote the mass of the brick fragments
(or brick) by M and the velocity of the brick fragments and the hand/forearm
after the impact by U (making the reasonable approximation that the brick
fragments and the hand/forearm are moving at the same velocity immediately
after impact). We now make another reasonable approximation that the energy
that was lost to heat from the impact is negligible; then conservation of
energy implies<span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img border="0" height="41" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image008.gif" width="153" /></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Eq. 2)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Because
of Newton’s Third Law, for every action there is an equal and opposite
reaction, if we consider the hand/forearm and board as the whole system, there
was on the whole system no net force that affected the impact. Therefore, there
is conservation of momentum, which implies</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;"><img border="0" height="21" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image010.gif" width="112" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>(Eq.
3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Equation
3 implies</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img border="0" height="41" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image012.gif" width="80" /></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;"> </span>(Eq.
4)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Substituting
U from eq. 4 into eq. 2 and solving for <span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><img border="0" height="19" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image014.gif" width="24" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>gives rise to</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0in; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-text-raise: -14.0pt; position: relative; top: 14.0pt;"><img border="0" height="63" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image016.gif" width="112" /></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>(Eq.
5)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Since
we already know that Eb is about 5 Joules, we can substitute the mass of the
hand/forearm (about 1.3 kilogram) and the mass of the bricks (about 0.5
kilogram) into Equation 5 to determine that V, the velocity needed at impact to
break the bricks is about 5 meters/sec, or about 11 miles/hour.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">High
speed photography has shown that a non-martial artist who has been instructed
to strike fast and aim at a position that is significantly lower than the
actual position of the bricks can actually reach a maximum velocity of about 10
meters/sec, or twice the velocity needed to break the bricks, thus verifying
our initial statement that a novice can break a pine bricks if he has been
given proper instructions</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; tab-stops: 127.5pt; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.2 Momentum<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of its mass and
velocity p=mv</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Question
arises; as a taekwondo athlete, what could potentially caused you the greater
injury; being attack by a light-weight, fast-moving taekwondo player, or being
attack by taekwondo athlete, with double the mass but moving at half the speed.
</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This
question involves forces that cannot be answered by directly applying Newton’s
second law,</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><img border="0" height="33" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image018.gif" width="96" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For
example when two taekwondo athletes strikes dollyo chagi in opposite direction
using open stance, they collides, what determines which athlete’s kinetic
energy is released in the impact after collision? These two bodies can exert
very large forces on each other for a short time.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 210%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 210%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From
Newton’s second law for a body<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><img border="0" height="29" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image020.gif" width="84" /></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>(eq.
1)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 210%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 210%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Considering
a body of constant mass m because<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> <span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img border="0" height="47" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image022.gif" width="60" /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 210%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 210%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Newton’s
second law becomes<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img border="0" height="47" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image024.gif" width="245" /></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>(eq. 2)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 210%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 210%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Since
the mass m is constant, the net force <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><img border="0" height="29" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image026.gif" width="47" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>acting on a taekwondo
player equals the time rate of change of combination<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;"><img border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image028.gif" width="29" /></span>, the product of the body mass and velocity. This combination
is the momentum or linear momentum of the body.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Using<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;"><img border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image030.gif" width="16" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for momentum we have<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> <span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;"><img border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image032.gif" width="61" /></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span>(eq.
3)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
greater the mass m and speed v of a taekwondo player, the greater is its
magnitude of momentum mv.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hence
Akwa Ibom State taekwondo athlete strikes axe kick at 2m/s have the same
magnitude of momentum (mv) but different momentum vectors <span style="mso-text-raise: -5.0pt; position: relative; top: 5.0pt;"><img border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image034.gif" width="36" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>because their
directions is different.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Substituting
(eq.3) into (eq.2) we obtain<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img border="0" height="47" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image036.gif" width="97" /></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>(eq.4)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
net force (vector sum of all forces) acting on a body equals the time rate of
change of momentum of the body.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">According
to (eq.4) a rapid change in momentum requires a large net force, while a
gradual change in momentum requires less net force.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">This
principle is used in the design of electronic trunk guard (hugo), head guard
and shine guard for safety to lose momentum within the short time of collision.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CHAPTER THREE</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">MATERIALS AND METHODS</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.0 Study Area</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The study of this work was based on </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">concrete paving bricks<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> </i>using knife-hand strike for the
breaking technique and six (</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6)
World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) athletes who are practicing taekwondo in Akwa
Ibom State. The athletes are registered student in three known taekwondo schools,
namely Rhodimos Taekwondo Sports Foundation, Akwa Ibom State Taekwondo
Association and University of Uyo Taekwondo Club comprising 2 female athletes
and 4 male athletes. The researched group included National Sports Festival
Champions, South South Taekwondo Champions and other athletes who had practiced
taekwondo for more than 4 years. They all train at most 3 to 4 times a week. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.1 Axe Kick</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig. 3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fig. 4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fig. 5</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<img border="0" height="238" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image038.jpg" width="204" /><img border="0" height="239" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image040.jpg" width="181" /><span style="font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="238" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image042.jpg" width="188" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
the Axe kick, the martial artist lifts his leg up, extends it high in the air,
and then brings it back down, snapping the leg at the point of impact. In this
case, it is very clear to see that the higher that the artist can extend his
leg, the more energy he will have on impact, as<br />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Potential Energy = Mass X Acceleration
due to gravity X Height.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; position: relative; top: 3.0pt;"><img border="0" height="19" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image044.gif" width="73" /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 2.0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img border="0" height="41" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image046.gif" width="95" /></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>then
the energy is conserved.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">For
the purpose of the experiment, they were asked to adopt the same starting posture
(in Taekwon-do terminology called Niunja So Palmok Degi Maki) and perform the
side kick three times. The analysis covered 18 attempts altogether. The
structure of the movement is presented in Figures 6, 7, 8. In this case study
HP Pavilion Entertainment PC system was projected into 3D screen for complex
movement analysis produced by BTS S.p.A. company was used. The system comprised
six cameras emitting infrared rays, which in real time localized the markers
fixed to the athlete’s body. These markers reflected the infrared rays emitted
by the cameras. The system facilitated recording the picture of the movement of
the competitor’s body and evaluation of the kinetic data obtained. The picture
was recorded with accuracy of 0.3 – 0.45 mm and frequency of 120 Hz. Obtained
data concerning the movement and speed of characteristic points on the
athlete’s body were analyzed, which allowed to specify the indicators which
define the structure of space and time of the athlete’s movement. In the
analysis of particular segments of the technique the following factors were
taken into consideration: v<sub>z</sub> - speed of the foot with regard to Z
axis, v<sub>y</sub> - speed of the foot with regard to Y axis, v<sub>kz</sub> -
speed of the knee with regard to Z axis, v<sub>ky</sub> - speed of the knee
with regard to Y axis, t<sub>kick</sub> – time from the moment of foot take off
to the moment of full extension of the kicking leg, t<sub>total</sub> – time
from the moment of the movement of the athlete’s body to the moment of full
extension of the kicking leg, F<sub>r</sub> – the ground reaction force of the
plant foot.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Diagram
of the side kick movement (in taekwondo terminology is yup chagi)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; z-index: 251657728;"><span style="height: 308px; left: 0px; left: 54px; position: absolute; top: -5px; width: 288px;"><img alt="Text Box: " height="308" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image048.gif" width="288" /></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig. 4</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="jhk-30-13f1" border="0" height="283" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image050.jpg" width="277" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes;">Fig</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.5 General view presenting relevant
joints and segments of the kicking leg.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><img border="0" height="188" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image052.jpg" width="598" /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig.
6 Yup chagi movement structure diagram – side view</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img border="0" height="266" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image054.jpg" width="572" /><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.3 Statistics</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Correlation
coefficients were determined between the foot and knee velocities and the kick
duration time as well as the velocities of raising of the foot and knee. This
correlation was verified at the significance level of p<0.05. All the
statistical calculations were carried out with the use of MS Excel 2007.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.4 Starting Posture</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
athlete adopts the L-stance forearm guarding block (in Taekwondo terminology
referred to as <i>niunja sogi palmok debi maki</i>) with the right foot moved
forward. According to taekwondo rules (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b4-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Choi, 1995</span></a>)
in this stance 70% of the body weight should rest on the back foot and 30% on
the front one. Both feet should be slightly pointed inwards and the toes of the
foot at the front should be lined up with the heel of the back foot. Both knees
are slightly bent. The term ‘starting posture’ comprises information on the stance
and the place where the attempted attack starts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.5 Shifting the back leg forward</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
athlete moves the back foot forward in the direction of the intended impact.
This results in a slight rise of the COG. The hands are held up in a guard.
When the feet have touched the ground, the ankle joint tenses and the athlete
energetically pushes the right foot off the ground.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 3; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.6 Lifting the leg</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">As
a result of the right foot take-off the force pushes the foot upwards. Further
movement is facilitated by the muscles of the lower limb taking control over
the movement. Thus, the knee and hip joints are extended. This phase witnesses
the greatest velocity of the foot traveling upwards with the mean velocity
being v<sub>y</sub>= 5.10 m/s. On average it is in the 82% of the full leg
extension when the foot reaches its peak velocity, whose mean is v<sub>z</sub>=
5.65 m/s (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/figure/f4-jhk-30-13/" target="figure"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Picture 4</span></a>). The average time of lifting the leg until the
moment of its full extension is 0.39 s.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig. 6</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> Plot of
average change in foot velocity on y-axis against leg extension on x-axis while
executing yop chagi in relation to z-axis.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Scale:</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span> 2cm represent 2.00units on y-axis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>2cm
represent 20.00units on x-axis</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="jhk-30-13f4" border="0" height="356" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image056.jpg" width="470" /></span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Final phase</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 4; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig. 7<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fig. 8</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="vlcsnap-46538" border="0" height="238" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image058.jpg" width="315" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Girl-Kick.jpg"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Shruti","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-no-proof: yes; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;"><img alt="http://www.mardb.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Taekwondo-Girl-Kick-300x254.jpg" border="0" height="243" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image059.jpg" width="287" /></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
kicking foot is extended in the ankle joint. The athlete has had to balance
his/her body in such a way so as to make sure that the foot planted on the
ground has remained the only point of his/her body being in contact with the
ground. Total time of kick execution (from the starting posture to the final
phase) produced an average time of t=0.71 s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The average values of the kinetic parameters are presented in <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/table/t2-jhk-30-13/" target="true"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Table 2</span></a>.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Table
1.0</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Biomechanical
parameters influencing the efficiency of the kick</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 14.7pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 315.9pt;" valign="top" width="421">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Variables</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Average</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Range</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 315.9pt;" valign="top" width="421">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Velocity
of the foot with regard to Z axis V<sub>z</sub> [m/s]</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.92</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.49/7.95</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 315.9pt;" valign="top" width="421">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Velocity
of the foot with regard to Y axis V<sub>y</sub> [m/s]</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.25</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.39/6.30</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 315.9pt;" valign="top" width="421">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Velocity
of the knee with regard to Z axis V<sub>kz </sub>[m/s]</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.21</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.20/5.05</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border: none; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 315.9pt;" valign="top" width="421">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Velocity
of the knee with regard to Y axis V<sub>ky </sub>[m/s]</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">3.06</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1.68/4.35</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 315.9pt;" valign="top" width="421">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Time
from the moment of the foot take off to the moment of the full extension of
the kicking leg t<sub>kick </sub>[s]</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0.35</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0.29/0.63</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 14.7pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border: none; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 315.9pt;" valign="top" width="421">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Time
from the moment of the movement of the athlete`s whole body to the moment of
the full extension of the kicking leg t<sub>total </sub>[s]</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0.72</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; height: 14.7pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">0.46/0.89</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.35pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 315.9pt;" valign="top" width="421">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
ground reaction force of the plant foot F<sub>r </sub>[N]</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: .75in;" valign="top" width="72">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1253</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; height: 15.35pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1003/1779</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Table 1.1</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Computation
of mean six (6) Taekwondo athletes </span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.45pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Age
(years)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Weight
(kg)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.25pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Height
(cm)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.0pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Gender</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.45pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">23</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">68.6</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.25pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">165.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.0pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Female</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.45pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">26</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">72.4</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.25pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">160.8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.0pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Female</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.45pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">22</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">80.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.25pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">178.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.0pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Male</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.45pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">29</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">79.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.25pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">180.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.0pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Male</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.45pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">28</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">69.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.25pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">175.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.0pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Male</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.45pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">30</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">78.8</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.25pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">170.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.0pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Male</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.45pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-text-raise: -7.0pt; position: relative; top: 7.0pt;"><img border="0" height="27" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image061.gif" width="36" /></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>= 158</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 123.1pt;" valign="top" width="164">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">448.6</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 122.25pt;" valign="top" width="163">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1029.9</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 111.0pt;" valign="top" width="148">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Table 1.2</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Physical
characteristics means of 4 male and 2 female taekwondo athletes.</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Variables</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Athletes
(n=6)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Range</span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Age(years)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">26.5</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">20-30</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Weight
(kg)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">78.0</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">68-80</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Height
(cm)</span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">171.3</span></div>
</td>
<td style="background: #EFD3D2; border-bottom: solid #C0504D 1.0pt; border: none; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 119.7pt;" valign="top" width="160">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">165-185</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CHAPTER FOUR</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">SUMMARY/CONCLUSION</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.1 Summary</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
velocity of the side kicks which <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b15-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Wilk et al.
(1982)</span></a> obtained when studying karate athletes (no particular karate
style was specified) was between 9.9 and 14.4 m/s. In the research involving
top taekwondo athletes <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b9-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Pieter and
Pieter (1995)</span></a> obtained the velocity of the side kick of 5.20–6.87
m/s. The mean maximum velocity of the side kick determined in that research was
5.65 m/s. Such results show a certain difference in velocities obtained by
karate and taekwon-do athletes. It can be assumed that such differences can be
attributed to different ways of execution of the kick in those martial arts.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig.
9 shows the correlation between maximum foot velocity and maximum knee velocity
during execution of the side kick (r=0.72). This dependence shows that higher
knee velocity increases the velocity developed by the foot. This means that
working on improvement of the side kick technique aiming at increasing foot
velocity attention needs to be paid to knee velocity which needs to correspond
to the movement of the foot. Graph 2 presents the correlation between the
duration of the side kick and the maximum velocities of the knee v<sub>ky</sub>
(r=−0.59) and the foot v<sub>y</sub> (r=−0.86) in relation to axis Y. This
implies that a short duration of the side kick will depend on the maximum
velocity achieved by the knee and foot in the leg lifting phase. The total
duration of the side kick comprises the time between the starting posture and
shifting the back leg forward as well as the leg lifting time. These factors
are presented in Fig.10</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig. 9</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Correlation between maximum velocity
of the foot and knee during the side kick</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="jhk-30-13f5" border="0" height="326" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image063.jpg" width="442" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig. 10</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Correlation between the velocity of
the traveling foot (v<sub>y</sub>), knee (v<sub>ky</sub>) and kick execution
time (t<sub>total</sub>)</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="jhk-30-13f6" border="0" height="342" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image065.jpg" width="450" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Fig.
11</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Factors
affecting the side kick execution time</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-no-proof: yes;"><img alt="jhk-30-13f7" border="0" height="280" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image067.jpg" width="617" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The
conducted measurement of the absolute force of the side kick showed that
taekwon-do athletes obtained values ranging from 390 to 461 N (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b9-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Pieter and
Pieter, 1995</span></a>). However, there was no information provided on the
distance from the aim of the impact which they covered while executing the
kicks. That research also shows that there is a strong dependence between the
force of the side kick and the weight of an athlete. Not only does a greater
weight add to a greater force, but it also results in an increase of the kinetic
energy (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b10-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Pieter et
al., 1987</span></a>). Knowledge of these facts proves considerable importance
in board breaking as in this particular case the time and a high level of average
energy production are not as important as the maximum energy at the very moment
of the impact (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b11-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Stull and
Barham, 1990</span></a>).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Well
adjusted distance affects the force of the kick which can be obtained (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b5-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Falco et al.,
2009</span></a>). The mean maximum velocity calculated in the research was
achieved at the length of the leg equal to 82 % of the maximum leg extension.
This length can be regarded as the optimum value in this kicking technique
making it possible to achieve maximum dynamics of the kick. Thus, using the
kinetics of the kick in full is only possible in cases when the aim of the
impact is located at the optimum distance given for this particular kind of
kick. According to the equation </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 3;"> </span><span style="mso-text-raise: -12.0pt; position: relative; top: 12.0pt;"><img border="0" height="44" src="file:///C:\Users\VIVIAN~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image069.gif" width="81" /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>it can be assessed that at the moment when the
velocity of the foot reaches the maximum value, the force of the impact will
also be the greatest (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b6-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Hay, 1993</span></a>;
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b17-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Wąsik, 2007</span></a>).
The force of the kick assessed as presented above with the mean maximum
velocity and mean athlete’s body weight (provided the total athlete’s body
weight is engaged in the movement) would amount to F ≈ 1020 N. In case of such
assessment a mistake in the distance which equals to 10 % would mean a decrease
in the power of the kick down to F ≈ 512 N.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Thus,
a precise assessment of the distance along with the correct time of the moment
of impact constitute a very important aspect of information for taekwon-do
athletes, especially those taking part in power breaking events, where the aim
of the impact is a fixed board.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.2 Conclusion</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
conclusion, board breaking requires great maximum velocity at the moment of
impact, which is usually achieved at the cost of attack duration (<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3588635/#b11-jhk-30-13"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Stull and
Barham, 1990</span></a>). However, in cases in which the aim is to obtain
points in sports competition, athletes will need to focus on reducing the
duration of the kick and increasing mean kick velocity.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
pursuit of perfection, further research will most certainly be required in
order to determine duration of the side kick, influence of reaction time on the
achieved power of the kick as well as analyses of taekwon-do kicks during
real-time fighting, which will make it possible to specify which variables of
this particular kick affect its efficiency. The present study is an
introduction to further more detailed research into this particular issue. The
results and discussion presented herein can be regarded as comparative material
for other researchers.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.3 Recommendation</span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">In
Taekwondo every techniques is generally used in all types of martial art, the
human parts of the body are all weapon in the sense that they martial arts
practitioners used them in their daily lives to defend their life and build the
most peaceful world.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Exercising
the body, using taekwondo techniques promotes healthy living. Taekwondo
therapists also contribute to the reduction of daily stress and generate new
thoughts of mind without stress. Taekwondo is useful in sport, security
sectors, and schools to develop mental and physical body.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-outline-level: 2; text-align: justify;">
<b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">References:</span></b></div>
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transfer. Journal Humanes Movment Study. 1986;13:153–161.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Vos
JA, Binkhorst RA. Velocity and rorce of some karate arm-movements. Nature.
1966;211:89–90. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5967479" target="pmc_ext"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">PubMed</span></a>]</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Wilk
S, McNair R, Feld M. Strikes. American Journal of Physics.
1982;51(9):783–90.</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; tab-stops: list .5in; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Walker
JD. Karate Strikes. American Journal of Physics. 1975;43:845–49.</span></li>
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J. Structure of movement of a turning technique used in the event of
special techniques in Taekwon-do ITF. Archives of Budo. 2009b;5:111–115.</span></li>
</ol>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9184594066760779563.post-18788454593686687422015-07-29T18:03:00.002-07:002015-07-29T18:03:26.500-07:00CEO/MD of RHODIMOS TAEKWONDO SPORTS<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9184594066760779563.post-74452612706059059062015-07-29T17:56:00.004-07:002015-07-29T17:56:52.434-07:00London 2012<header class="article-header clearfix">
<h1 class="article-title">
London 2012 </h1>
</header>
<aside class="article-aside clearfix">
</aside>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="LONDON-2012-LOGO" height="200" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/LONDON-2012-LOGO.jpg" style="float: right; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 8px;" width="200" /><strong>In
2010, the 1st Youth Olympic Games sanctioned by the IOC were held in
Singapore. Taekwondo was an official event with five weight categories
in both male and female divisions. Two years later, it was taekwondo's
big moment.</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
For the 2012 London Olympics, the WTF
had made dramatic changes. Protector and Scoring Systems and Instant
Video Replays were both implemented. Some 6,000 people watched the bouts
in the sold-out ExCel arena, as a differentiated points scoring system
made bouts unpredictable and a reduced mat size made matches more
exciting. In addition, the WTF Demonstration Team performed four times
every day.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Finally, London Olympic taekwondo
distributed eight gold medals to eight countries, laying to rest
concerns that it was a Korea-dominated sport.</div>
<hr />
<h4>
Medal summary</h4>
<strong>Men's events</strong><br />
<table border="1" style="width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"> </td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;"><img alt="18px-Gold_medal.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/18px-Gold_medal.svg.png" /></td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;"><img alt="18px-Silver_medal.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/18px-Silver_medal.svg.png" /></td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;"><img alt="18px-Bronze_medal.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/18px-Bronze_medal.svg.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">Under 58 kg</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" width="22" /> Joel González</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" /> Lee Dae-Hoon</td>
<td> <img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="22" /> Aleksey Denisenko</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" width="22" /> Óscar Muñoz</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">Under 68 kg</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" /> Servet Tazegül</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" /> Mohammad Bagheri Motamed</td>
<td><img alt="20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" /> Terrence Jennings</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg.png" width="22" /> Rohullah Nikpai</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">Under 80 kg</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" width="22" /> Sebastián Crismanich</td>
<td rowspan="2"><br /><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" width="22" /> Nicolás García</td>
<td><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="22" /> Lutalo Muhammad</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" width="22" /> Mauro Sarmiento</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">Over 80 kg</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" width="22" /> Carlo Molfetta</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" width="22" /> Anthony Obame</td>
<td><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" /> Robelis Despaigne</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a class="image" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg"><img alt="Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="20" /></a> Liu Xiaobo</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<strong>Women's events</strong><br />
<table border="1" style="width: 100%;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"> </td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;"><img alt="18px-Gold_medal.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/18px-Gold_medal.svg.png" /></td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;"><img alt="18px-Silver_medal.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/18px-Silver_medal.svg.png" /></td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;"><img alt="18px-Bronze_medal.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/18px-Bronze_medal.svg.png" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">Under 49 kg</td>
<td rowspan="2"><a class="image" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg"><img alt="Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="20" /></a> Wu Jingyu</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" width="22" /> Brigitte Yagüe</td>
<td><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" width="22" /> Chanatip Sonkham</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" width="22" /> Lucija Zaninović</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">Under 57 kg</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="22" /> Jade Jones</td>
<td rowspan="2"> <a class="image" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg"><img alt="Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="20" /></a> Hou Yuzhuo</td>
<td><img alt="20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" /> Marlène Harnois</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png" /> Tseng Li-Cheng</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">Under 67 kg</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" /> Hwang Kyung-Seon</td>
<td rowspan="2"> <img alt="20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" /> Nur Tatar</td>
<td><img alt="20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" /> Paige McPherson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" width="22" /> Helena Fromm</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">Over 67 kg</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" width="22" /> Milica Mandić</td>
<td rowspan="2"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" /> Anne-Caroline Graffe</td>
<td><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="22" /> Anastasia Baryshnikova</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" /> Maria Espinoza</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<strong>Medal table</strong><br />
<table border="1">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;">Rank</td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"> Nation</td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;"><img alt="18px-Gold_medal.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/18px-Gold_medal.svg.png" /></td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;"><img alt="18px-Silver_medal.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/18px-Silver_medal.svg.png" /></td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;"><img alt="18px-Bronze_medal.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/18px-Bronze_medal.svg.png" /></td>
<td style="background: #ededed; text-align: center;">Total</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;">1</td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/22px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" width="22" /> Spain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;">2</td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><a class="image" href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg"><img alt="Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" width="20" /></a> China</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">3</td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" /> South Korea</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" /> Turkey</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;"> 5</td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" width="22" /> Great Britain</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" width="22" /> Italy</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">7 </td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="14" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" width="22" /> Argentina</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" width="22" /> Serbia</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;">9</td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" /> France</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">10</td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="17" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/22px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" width="22" /> Gabon</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" /> Iran</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" style="background: #ededed;">12<br /> </td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" width="22" /> Russia</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" /> United States</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td rowspan="8" style="background: #ededed;"> 14</td>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Afghanistan.svg.png" width="22" /> Afghanistan</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" width="22" /> Colombia</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" width="22" /> Croatia</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" /> Cuba</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="13" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" width="22" /> Germany</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" /> Mexico</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="20px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png" height="13" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/20px-Flag_of_Chinese_Taipei_for_Olympic_games.svg.png" width="20" /> Chinese Taipei</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="background: #ededed;"><img alt="" class="thumbborder" height="15" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/22px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" width="22" /> Thailand</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>1</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr />
<h4>
Images</h4>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9184594066760779563.post-9735334887553876492015-07-29T17:53:00.001-07:002015-07-29T17:53:18.361-07:00Modern aged Taekwondo<div class="ja-tab-content active" style="opacity: 1; visibility: visible; width: 100%;">
<div class="ja-tab-subcontent">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The
Koryo dynasty, which reunified the Korean peninsula after Shilla (A.D.
918 to 1392), had the Taekkyon develop more systematically and made it a
compulsory subject in the examinations for selection of military
cadets.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The techniques and power of Taekkyon
grew to become effective weapons even to kill human beings. In the
military, a pattern of collective practice, called "obyong-subak-hui (5
soldier's Taekkyon play), was introduced so that it might be used in a
real war.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="koryo" height="200" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/681x454.jpg" style="float: left; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 8px;" width="300" />In
the early days of Koryo dynasty, martial art abilities were the only
required qualifications to become military personnel because the kingdom
utterly needed the national defense capabilities after conquering the
peninsula. A certain plain soldier who mastered Taekkyon techniques was
promoted to a general, and young were invited to Taekkyon contests where
the skilled ones were selected to become military officers. There were
lots of other examples in which many Taekkyon-mastered youths were
picked at contests, which is proof that Taekwondo sports was originated
in that epoch. The chronicles of Koryo dynasty writes: "at a power
contest of Taekkyon techniques, Lee Yi- Min punched a pillar of the
house with his right-hand fist, then some of the props of the roof were
shaken. Another Taekkyon practicer had his fist pierce through the
clay-wall."</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Especially the kings of Koryo dynasty
were much interested in "subakhui" (Taekkyon contest), making it a
compulsory course of military training. Therefore, subakhui was also
popular out for inspection tours in the villages.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
However, the Koryo dynasty in its latest
years had gunpowder and new types of weapons available at hand, thus
slowing down its support of martial as the folk games to be transmitted
down to the modern Korea, Chosun. (Taekkyon explained in the Koryo
history book)</div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9184594066760779563.post-45967605632505901822015-07-29T17:48:00.002-07:002015-07-29T17:48:46.616-07:00History of Taekwondo<article>
<header class="article-header clearfix">
<h1 class="article-title">
Taekwondo History </h1>
</header>
<section class="article-content clearfix">
<aside class="article-aside clearfix">
</aside>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The historical background of
Taekwondo development will be explained following the chronological
order of 4 different ages; ancient times, middles ages, modern ages and
present times.</div>
<footer class="article-footer clearfix">
</footer>
</section>
</article>
<h3 class="module-title">
<span>Taekwondo History</span></h3>
<div class="ja-tabs-title-top" style="height: 50px;">
<ul class="ja-tabs-title">
<li class="first active" title="Origins"><h3>
<span>Origins</span></h3>
</li>
<li class="" title="Middle Age"><h3>
<span>Middle Age</span></h3>
</li>
<li class="" title="Modern Times"><h3>
<span>Modern Times</span></h3>
</li>
<li class="last " title="Present day"><h3>
<span>Present day</span></h3>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="ja-tab-content active" style="opacity: 1; visibility: visible; width: 100%;">
<div class="ja-tab-subcontent">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Man
by nature has instinct to preserve his own life as well as his race,
and therefore engages in physical activities either consciously or
unconsciously. Man cannot do without physical motions that he grows and
developed on them, regardless of time and space. In ancient times people
had no means other than the bare hands and body to defend themselves;
so they naturally developed the bare-hand fighting techniques. Even at
times when arms were developed as defensive or offensive means, people
continued to enjoy the bare-hand fighting techniques for the purpose of
building physical strength as well as showing off through matches at
rituals of tribal communities.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="pic24" height="200" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/pic24.gif" style="float: right; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 8px;" width="245" />In
the early days of the Korean peninsula, there were three tribes, each
enjoying warrior's martial art contests during the ritual seasons. At
the time, people learned techniques from their experiences of fighting
against the beasts whose defensive and offensive motions were also the
subject of analysis. It is believed that this was exactly the true
grounding of today's Taekwondo, which names have descended from "Subak",
"Taekkyon" and so on.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In the latter part of ancient times on
the Korean peninsula, three kingdoms were rivaling among them for the
hegemony. They were Koguryo, Paekje and Shilla all indulged in growing
national strength with trained warriors. Therefore, the Korean history
tells that there were military personalities among the well-known
prominent national leaders of the three kingdoms, which proves the
military tendency of ruling hierarchy.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
As a result, youth warriors were
organized, such as "Hwarangdo" in Shilla and "Chouisonin" in Koguryo,
which both adopted martial art training as one of the important subjects
of learning. A known martial art book of the days, called
"Muyedobo-Tongji" wrote "Taekwondo is the basis of martial art, enabling
one to build strength by using the hand and foot freely and training
arms and legs as well as the body to adaptable to any critical
situations," which means Taekwondo was already prevalent in that age.
Thus, it can be easily assumed that Taekwondo was originated from the
days of tribal communities on the Korean peninsula.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Shilla kingdom founded in B.C. 57 on the
southeastern part of Korea, and Koguryo founded in B.C. 37 on the
northern part of Korea along Yalu river, both made great efforts to
raise their youngsters into strong warriors called "hwarang" and
"sunbae" respectively, certainly with Taekwondo as one of the principal
subjects of physical training.</div>
<hr />
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
Koguryo's Training and Taekkyon</h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Koguryo was founded on the northern part
of Korea, surrounded by hostile Han [Chinese] tribes in the north.
Therefore, in its early days, the kingdom organized a strong warrior
corps called "Sunbae" in its attempt to consolidate power.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="origins1" height="240" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/origins1.jpg" style="float: left; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 8px;" width="200" />According
to the scholars, a man of virtue who never recoils from a fight means
"sunbae", which is a member of the warrior corps. Later, the chronicle
of the Old Chosun Dynasty described the lift of Koguryo days, saying;
"people gathered on march 10 every year at a site of ritual, where they
enjoyed a sword dance, archery, Taekkyon contests and so on," implying
that Taekkyon was one of the popular events for the ritual in the
Koguryo days. It also said "sunbae" lived in groups, learning history
and literary arts at home and going out to construct roads and
fortresses for the benefits of society, always devoting themselves to
the nations.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Therefore, it was natural that Koguryo
put the priority of interests on the Taekkyon which was the basis of
martial arts, as can be proven by the wall paintings discovered at tombs
of Koguryo days. A mural painting at the Samsil tomb shows two warriors
engaged in a face-to-face match in Taekkyon stance, and a third at the
same tomb shows the scene of Korean wrestling bout [Ssireum], clearly
distinguishing it from Taekkyon. It can be assumed from the painting of
Taekkyon match that the dead were either a Taekkyon practical or the
subject of condolence with dances and martial art.</div>
<hr />
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
Shilla's "Hwarang" and Taekkyon</h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Kingdom of Shilla was founded on the
southeastern part of the Korean peninsula where there were no immediate
threats from outside, but along with the birth of Paekje Kingdom on its
west flank and the start of invasions by Koguryo from the north, Shilla
was impelled to arm itself with development of martial arts.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In fact, "hwarangdo" is the typical
example of Shilla's martial arts, which is an assimilation of Koguryo's
"sunbae" system. The youth group hwarangdo were well trained with the
senses of filial piety, loyalty to the kingdom and sacrificial devotion
to society to become important personalities for the rein of the
kingdom. Notable among them were Kim Yu-Shin and Kim Chun-Chu that made
definite contributions to the unification of those three kingdoms.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The chronicle of Old Chosun described
the life of hwarangs, members of hwarangdo: "hwarang were selected by
the kingdom through contests and, after selection, they lived together
in a group, learning, exercising subak, fencing and horse-riding, and
sometimes enjoyed various games of communities, working on emergency
aids and construction of fortresses and roads, and they were always
ready to sacrifice their lives at the time of war."</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="pic22" height="137" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/pic22.gif" style="float: right; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 8px;" width="200" />Hwarangs
were particularly influenced by the Buddhistic disciplines and
therefore the bronze statues of a Kumgang Yoksa [a man of great physical
strength] currently exhibited at the Kyongju Museum clearly indicate
that martial arts were practiced at temples by showing a strong man's
bare-hand defensive and offensive stances.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Especially the shape of a fist shown on
the statue of Kumgang Yoksa exactly resembles that of a "jungkwon"
[proper fist] in the contemporary term of Taekwondo. The statue also
shows "pyon jumok " [flat fist] and the use of legs, which are seen in
today's Taekwondo.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
It is really noticeable that in the
Shilla epoch the terms "subak" [hand techniques] and "taekkyon" appear
together, signifying that both hand and foot techniques were used in
martial arts as shown in today's Taekwondo.</div>
<hr />
<h4 style="text-align: justify;">
Taekkyon transmitted from Koguryo to Shilla</h4>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
As the art of taekkyon was popularized
in Koguryo, it was also handed down to Silla, which is justified by the
following points of view;</div>
<ol>
<li style="text-align: justify;">"Hwarang"(or sonrang) in Silla has the
same meaning with the word "sonbae" in Koguryo by indicating both the
youth warrior's corps from their etymological origins.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Both Hwarang and sonbae had the same organizations and hierarchical structure with each other.</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">According to historical, as sonbaes in
Koguryo used to compete in taekkyon games at the time of their national
festivals, Hwarangs in Silla also played taekkyon games (subak, dokkyoni
or taekkyoni) at such festivals as "palkwanhoe" and "hankawi" , thus
systematically developing the ancient fighting techniques into the
taekkyon(or sonbae) as the basis of martial arts by around a.d.200. from
the 4th century the Hwarangs took the takkyon lesson as a systemized
martial art at their learning houses to make it also popularized among
ordinary people so much so that their techniques were depicted on the
mural paintings of ancient warrior tombs. Again, it is also true that
taekkyon, coming down to Silla, was further developed into a school of
martial art with the division of techniques, i ,e bare-hand techniques
and foot techniques, which can be proved by the fact that both hand and
foot techniques art clearly shown in the ancient sculptures buddlistic
statues.</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9184594066760779563.post-55415380733587820262015-07-29T17:46:00.000-07:002015-07-29T17:46:01.260-07:00What is Taekwondo<header class="article-header clearfix">
<h1 class="article-title">
What is Taekwondo </h1>
</header>
<aside class="article-aside clearfix">
</aside>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>Taekwondo is one of the
most systematic and scientific Korean traditional martial arts, that
teaches more than physical fighting skills. It is a discipline that
shows ways of enhancing our spirit and life through training our body
and mind. Today, it has become a global sport that has gained an
international reputation, and stands among the official games in the
Olympics.</strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Let's take a closer look at the meaning
of the word "Tae" "Kwon" "Do." It is composed of three parts as shown in
the English spelling, though it is one word in Korean. "Tae" means
"foot," "leg," or "to step on"; "Kwon" means "fist," or "fight"; and
"Do" means the "way" or "discipline." If we put these three parts
together, we can see two important concepts behind "Tae Kwon Do".</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="witaekwondo" height="250" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/witaekwondo.jpg" style="float: right; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 8px;" width="400" />First,
Taekwondo is the right way of using Tae and Kwon 'fists and feet,' or
all the parts of the body that are represented by fists and feet.
Second, it is a way to control or calm down fights and keep the peace.
This concept comes from the meaning of Tae Kwon 'to put fists under
control' [or 'to step on fists']. Thus Taekwondo means "the right way of
using all parts of the body to stop fights and help to build a better
and more peaceful world."</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Taekwondo has been developing with the
5000-year long history of Korea, being called by several different names
in the course. In Korea, Taekwondo began as a defense martial art
called "Subak" or "Taekkyon," and developed as a way of training body
and mind in the ancient kingdom of Koguryo, under the name of "Sunbae."
In the Shilla period, it had become the backbone of Hwarangdo that aimed
at producing leaders of the country.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Taekwondo today is similar to the
martial arts in other Oriental countries and shares some features with
them, because in the course of its evolution it has gained many
different styles that existed in the martial arts of the countries
surrounding Korea, like Japan and China.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
But Taekwondo is very different from
many such oriental martial arts. First, physically it is very dynamic
with active movements that include a mirage of foot skills. Second, the
principle physical movements are in simpatico with that of the mind and
life as a whole. Third, it possesses dynamic poses from another
perspective.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Taekwondo can be characterized by unity:
the unity of body, mind, and life, and the unity of the pose
["poomsae"] and confrontation, and cracking down. When you do Taekwondo,
you should make your mind peaceful and synchronize your mind with your
movements, and extend this harmony to your life and society. This is how
in Taekwondo the principle of physical movements, the principle of mind
training, and the principle of life become one and the same. On the
other hand, the right poomsae lead to the right confrontation, which
will eventually produce great destructive power.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="sarahstevenson2 360x270" height="270" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/sarahstevenson2_360x270.JPG" style="float: left; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-right: 20px; margin-top: 8px;" width="360" />How
come we reach such a unity in Taekwondo? Taekwondo is a way of life,
much like having a job, raising a family, fighting for a cause, or any
one of numerous raison d'etre. What makes Taekwondo different from these
is that it is an activity for survival in extremely antagonistic
situations. One must always overcome the enemy that is trying to cause
harm. But simply winning a fight is not enough to guarantee one's
safety, because the enemy may recuperate and attack again. Moreover,
there may be many other enemies than the one that was just defeated. One
cannot ever feel safe unless one gains permanent peace. To attain this
permanent or lasting peace, one needs unity. This is what Taekwondo aim
for. Otherwise Taekwondo would be no different from any other
street-fighting skills.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Taekwondo pursues harmonious growth and
improvements of life through its unique activities. This is why one
could say Taekwondo is a way of life. To ultimately enable ourselves to
lead more valuable lives, we would do well by finding the guiding
principles deeply hidden in Taekwondo.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9184594066760779563.post-72490179408223642222015-07-29T17:38:00.001-07:002015-07-29T17:38:53.014-07:00Taekwondo Education<header class="article-header clearfix">
<h1 class="article-title">
Education </h1>
</header>
<aside class="article-aside clearfix">
</aside>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
On December 18, 1990, the World Taekwondo Federation accepted the World Anti-Doping Code and enacted the WTF Anti-Doping Rules.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
The Anti-Doping Rules were adopted and
implemented in conformance with WTF's responsibilities under the Code,
and are in furtherance of WTF's continuing efforts to eradicate doping
in the sport of taekwondo.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Anti-Doping programs seek to preserve
what is intrinsically valuable about sport. This intrinsic value is
often referred to as the "Spirit of Sport"; it is the essence of
Olympism; it is how we play true. The spirit of sport is the celebration
of the human spirit, body and mind, and is characterized by the
following values:</div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Ethics, fair play and honesty</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Health</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Excellence in performance</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Character and education</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Fun and joy</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Teamwork</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Dedication and commitment</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Respect for rules and laws</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Respect for self and other participants</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Courage</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Community and solidarity</li>
<li style="text-align: justify;">Doping is fundamentally contrary to the spirit of sport.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<strong>OUTREACH PROGRAM AND COACH TRUE PROGRAM DURING THE 2015 WTF WTC</strong>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
</div>
<img alt="gfsdgfsdlo 1" height="197" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/gfsdgfsdlo_1.jpg" style="float: right; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 15px; margin-top: 8px;" width="350" />During
the 2015 WTF World Taekwondo Championships in Chelyabinsk, Russia, two
activities of Outreach program for athletes and Coach True program for
Coaches were jointly held. At the outreach program, a team composed of
two anti-doping experts and WTF Staffs delivered the program. The
program was held in a highly visible location during the event to
maximize participation. The Outreach Team interacted with athletes and
their support personnel who visited the Outreach Center, providing
one-on-one discussion about the dangers and consequences of doping<br />
<br />
<strong>Outreach Program:</strong>
<br />
WTF's Athlete Outreach Program and Coach True Program were carried
out by the RUSADA with huge success at the 2015 World Taekwondo
Championships in Chelyabinsk, Russia on May 13-16, 2015. This program
enabled the coaches, entourages and athletes to get updated with the
information on Anti-doping and the Say No! to doping.<br />This is the fourth edition of the outreach program and third edition of coach true program organized by the WTF.<br />
<br />
<strong>Program:</strong><img alt="gfsdgfsdlo 3" height="198" src="http://www.worldtaekwondofederation.net/images/gfsdgfsdlo_3.jpg" style="float: left; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-right: 15px; margin-top: 8px;" width="350" />
<br />
Concurrently with the 2015 WTF World Taekwondo Championships in
Chelyabinsk, Russia, two activities of Outreach program for athletes and
Coach True program for Coaches were jointly held.<br />The program was held in a highly visible location during the event in order to maximize participation.<br />The Outreach Team interacted with 140 athletes, coaches and medical personnel representing more than 45 participating countries.<br />The RUSADA experts providing one-on-one discussion about the dangers and consequences of doping.<br />
<br />
<strong>Fun:</strong>
<br />
Athletes and coaches visiting the center played interactive computer
games that allowed them to test their knowledge about anti-doping. They
enjoyed the visit to our center because the program was designed to be
both informative and fun with interactions.<br />A quiz about anti-doping,
available in numerous languages, allowed participants to test their
knowledge on anti-doping and be rewarded for their efforts.<br />During this four days of anti-doping activities also WTF RTP athletes was educated for ADAMS whereabouts programs.<br />Athletes
were also encouraged to take anti-doping education materials back home,
available in a multitude of languages and all participants received
RUSADA & WTF gadgets and pins.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9184594066760779563.post-15797966073430591942015-07-29T17:36:00.000-07:002015-07-29T17:36:06.935-07:00WTF Holds 2015 Workshop for ‘New WTF, Best IF’ <div class="itemFullText">
<div align="left">
The World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) held a workshop
near Seoul, Korea on June 30-July 1, under the slogan of “New WTF, Best
IF (International Sport Federation).”</div>
<div align="left">
The two-day event, which took place in Jangheung,
Gyeonggi Province, came less than one month after the WTF’s
organizational and personnel reshuffle, and the moving of its
headquarters to Seoul in early June. The aim was to formulate a
blueprint that will transform the WTF into a benchmark for all
international federations in the Olympic movement.</div>
<div align="left">
The event drew key leaders of the organization,
including WTF President Chungwon Choue, WTF Secretary General Hoss
Rafaty and President of the Pan American Taekwondo Union (PATU) Ji-ho
Choi.</div>
<div align="left">
In the morning of June 30 at the WTF’s new, central
Seoul headquarters, WTF President Choue awarded letters of appointment
to four persons.</div>
<div align="left">
Prof. Kook-hyun Jung of Korea National Sports
University, who also serves as a WTF Council member, was appointed
chairman of the WTF Technical Committee, while WTF Senior Advisor
Chang-shin Choi was named chairman of the Ad-hoc WTF Committee on
Protector and Scoring System. Prof. Jong-kook Song of Kyung Hee
University, was appointed chairman of the WTF Education Committee, while
Se-baek Oh was named special advisor to the WTF president on finance.</div>
<div align="left">
Following that, Choue told WTF staff, “Now it is time for us to work together for a ‘New WTF and the best IF.’”</div>
<div align="left">
In the afternoon, in Jangheung, there was a friendly
soccer match, followed by special lectures by WTF Secretary General
Rafaty, PATU President Choi, WTF Senior Advisor Choi, and others. </div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02447243562440956628noreply@blogger.com0